Fósturhjartaómskoðanir á Íslandi 2003-2007; ábendingar og útkoma

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the indications and outcomes of fetal echo (FE) and determine which indication has the highest detection rate for congenital heart disease (CHD). METHODS: The referral indications and results of FE performed in Iceland during 2003-2007 were reviewed. Information regarding gestational age at diagnosis, nuchal translucency, pregnancy outcome, autopsy results and postnatal diagnosis were obtained from medical records. RESULTS: During the five year period 1187 FE were performed. Structural heart defect was diagnosed in 73 fetuses. The most common referral indication was family history of CHD (631;53.2%) which led to diagnosis of 18 heart defects prenatally (2.9%). The second most common referral indication was increased nuchal translucency (159) and abnormal cardiac findings were present in 16 cases (10.1%). A total of 30 women were referred for FE because of abnormal four chamber view (AFCV) which resulted in the diagnosis of 22 (73.3%) major heart defects, either incompatible with life or requiring immediate intervention after birth. Other indications led mostly to the diagnoses of minor defects. CONCLUSIONS: AFCV is the most important predictor for diagnosis of structural heart defects. 2,5% were referred for FE due to AFCV which led to diagnosis of 30% of all heart defects, all of which were major. Key words: fetal echocardiography, indications, congenital heart disease.

Inngangur: Í þessari rannsókn voru skoðaðar ábendingar og útkoma fósturhjartaómskoðana og hvaða ábendingum fylgja mestar líkur á hjartagalla.

Efniviður og aðferðir: Farið var yfir ábendingar og útkomu fósturhjartaómana sem gerðar voru á árunum 2003-2007 og hjartagallar sem greindust skráðir. Meðgöngulengd við greiningu, hnakkaþykkt fósturs við 12 vikur, afdrif þungunar, niðurstöður krufninga og greining barns eftir fæðingu fengust úr sjúkraskýrslum.

Niðurstöður: Alls voru framkvæmdar 1187 fósturhjartaómskoðanir og greindist hjartagalli í 73 fóstrum. Algengasta ábendingin var fjölskyldu-saga um hjartagalla (631/1187;53,2%) sem leiddi til greiningar 18 hjartagalla í fósturlífi (18/631;2,9%). Næstalgengasta ábendingin var aukin hnakkaþykkt (159/1187;13,4%) og voru 16 hjartagallar greindir (16/159;10,1%). Þrjátíu konur (30/1187;2,5%) fóru í fósturhjartaómun vegna óeðlilegrar fjögurra hólfa sýnar sem leiddi til greiningar 22 (22/30;73,3%) hjartagalla sem kröfðust inngrips á nýburaskeiði eða höfðu slæmar horfur. Aðrar ábendingar leiddu til greiningar á minniháttar hjartagöllum.

Ályktanir: Óeðlileg fjögurra hólfa sýn er mikilvægasti forspárþátturinn fyrir greiningu hjartagalla í fósturlífi. Sú ábending var aðeins 2,5% af heildarfjölda fósturhjartaómana á tímabilinu en leiddi til greiningar 30% allra hjartagalla og voru allir meiriháttar.