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Útbreiðsla legionella spp. í umhverfi á Íslandi

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Authors
Hjördís Harðardóttir
Sigurður B. Þorsteinsson
Sigfús Karlsson
Ólafur Steingrímsson
Issue Date
1989-03-15

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Citation
Læknablaðið 1989, 75(3):79-83
Abstract
An extensive, prospective study on pneumonia in the National University Hospital (Landspítalinn) (1) and Reykjavik City Hospital (Borgarspitalinn) (2) pointed to that Legionella spp. being a common cause of pneumonia in Iceland. These findings led to the current study on the distribution of Legionella spp. in the environment, especially in hospitals. Samples of water baths in laboratory units and from showerheads in many wards, were collected in three hospitals in Reykjavik: the University Hospital (98 samples), the Reykjavik City Hospital (27 samples) and Landakot (15 samples). Legionella pnenumophila serotype 1 was found in all the hospitals. In the University Hospital samples of water were also collected from staffquarters, from humidifiers for ventilation systems, from taps in all the wards, from the artificial kidney machines and finally from the cold water inlet for the hospital. This added up to a total of 145 samples and Legionella was found in one or more samples from all these places except the cold water inlet. All the strains found turned out to be L. pneumophila serotype 1. Nineteen water samples collected outside the hospitals did not contain Legionella.
Á árunum 1983 og 1984 voru gerðar rannsóknir á orsökum lungnabólgu á Landspítala (1) og Borgarspítala (2) sem bentu til að umtalsverðan fjölda lungnasýkinganna mætti rekja til Legionella. Af þessu tilefni var ráðist í að kanna nánar útbreiðslu bakteríanna í umhverfi á Íslandi, einkum á stóru sjúkrahúsunum í Reykjavik. Rannsökuð voru vatnssýni úr hitaböðum á rannsóknardeildum, krönum og sturtuhausum á Landspítala, Borgarspítala og Landakotsspítala og fannst Legionella pneumophila serotypa 1, í einhverjum mæli á öllum sjúkrahúsunum. Samtals voru rannsökuð 285 sýni frá 208 stöðum á þessum sjúkrahúsum. Á Landspítala fannst L. pneumophila í 9 af 13 handlaugakrönum og 7 af 10 sturtuhausum í vistarverum starfsfólks. Þegar tekin voru sýni úr inntökum »jákvæðu« vaskanna fyrir heita vatnið annars vegar og kalda vatnið hins vegar ræktaðist Legionella úr öllum kaldavatnssýnunum, en heitavatnssýnin voru neikvæð. Af 10 rakagjöfum, sem athugaðir voru var einn jákvæður. Sama gilti um 15 af 22 handlaugakrönum á legudeildum og 6 af 8 gervinýrnavélum. Ekki tókst að rækta Legionella úr kaldavatnstanki sjúkrahússins. Allir stofnarnir reyndust vera L. pneumophila af serotypu 1. Legionella fannst ekki í neinu þeirra 19 vatnssýna, sem tekin voru utan sjúkrahúsanna, úr sturtuhausum í heimahúsum á höfuðborgarsvæðinu og úr Tjörninni.
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