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Sjúkratilfelli : lífshættulegar truflanir á blóðsöltum hjá átta vikna dreng

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Authors
Arndís Auður Sigmarsdóttir
Árni V. Þórsson
Gunnlaugur Sigfússon
Jón Jóhannes Jónsson
Ragnar Bjarnason
Issue Date
2010-05-01

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A case report - Severe electrolyte disturbances in an eight week old boy
Citation
Læknablaðið 2010, 96(5):343-6
Abstract
Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte abnormality in children and underlying causes are many. It is most often caused by excessive salt loss from the gut but is also associated with severe systemic disorders in which there is actual or apparent aldosterone deficiency, such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), which is the most common inherited disorder of aldosterone synthesis, and pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA). Abscent aldosterone activity also leads to hyperkalemia which is characteristic for PHA and can result in life threatening arrythmias. This is a case report about a boy presenting with life threatening electrolyte disturbances in conjunction with PHA resulting from pyelonephritis and vesicoureteral reflux.
Natríumskortur er algengasta salttruflun sem kemur fyrir hjá börnum og geta einkenni verið mjög mismunandi, allt frá einkennaleysi til alvarlegra einkenna frá miðtaugakerfi. Algengasta orsök natríumskorts er tap á vökva og natríum um meltingarveg en sé tapið um nýru getur orsökin meðal annars verið skortur á saltsteranum aldósteróni sem hefur megin hlutverk í stýringu saltjafnvægis líkamans. Þegar virkni aldósteróns vantar verður minni seyting á kalíum og vetnisjónum í nýrnapíplum auk þess sem endurupptaka á natríum verður minni og natríumskortur hlýst af. Kalíumofgnótt, sem getur valdið lífshættulegum hjartsláttartruflunum, er einnig einkennandi fyrir lága virkni aldósteróns. Algengasta orsök fyrir minnkaðri myndun aldósteróns er skortur á ensíminu 21-hydroxylasa (21-OH) sem veldur sjúkdómnum congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) en svipuð einkenni geta komið fram í sjaldgæfum sjúkdómi, pseudohýpóaldósterónismus (PHA), þar sem truflun er í virkni aldósteróns. Hér er fjallað um dreng með lífshættulegar brenglanir á blóðsöltum vegna PHA sem orsakaðist af þvagfærasýkingu og bakflæði.
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