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Lýsisneysla og takttruflanir eftir hjartadrep

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Authors
Þórður Harðarson
Árni Kristinsson
Guðrún Skúladóttir
Hanna Ásvaldsdóttir
Snorri P. Snorrason
Issue Date
1988-09-15

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Læknablaðið 1988, 74(7):265-8
Abstract
Previous work has shown that in experimental animal models, a lower incidence of arrhythmias and sudden death was observed if the animals were fed cod liver oil or fish oil. After a 48 hour control period starting on average 8 days after the onset of symptoms, eighteen men who were recovering from acute-myocardial infarction were given 20 ml cod liver oil a day for six weeks, either immediately after the control period, weeks 0-6 (n = 10), or during weeks 6-12 (n = 8). 48 hour Holter monitoring was carried out before cod liver oil administration and at the end of weeks 6 and 12. The eicosapantaenoic acid content of plasma phospholipids was increased by 230% during cod liver oil administration. However, no significant change was observed in the 24 hour prevalence of ventricular extrasystoles or other arrhythmias during the study period. The mean In number of ventricular extrasystoles was 2,95 ±0.51 (SD) during cod liver oil ingestion and 2,63 ±0.30 off cod liver oil.
Nokkrar nýlegar rannsóknir benda til þess, að fiskneysla dragi úr tíðni kransæðasjúkdóms (1-3), þótt ekki beri öllum saman um það (4, 5). Tilraunadýr sem alin eru á þorskalýsi fá síður æðakölkun en samanburðardýr (6, 7) og neysla fiskfitu er talin minnka blóðfitu, einkum þríglyseríð og ýmis apoprotein, sérstaklega apó B, hjá fólki (8, 9). Fiskneysla lækkar blóðþrýsting í rottum (10) og dregur úr seigju (viscosity) blóðs (11). Edda Benediktsdóttir og Sigmundur Guðbjarnason hafa nýlega sýnt fram á, að rottur sem fengu lýsi urðu síður skyndidauðar eftir ísóprenalín gjöf, en þær sem fengu maísolíu (12). Gulp og félagar hafa kynnt, að hjartadrep verður minna en ella og takttruflunum fækkar í hundum með bráða kransæðastíflu ef þeir eru fóðraðir meðal annars á fiskfitu (13). Skýringin er ef til vill sú, að eikósapentaenóínsýra (EPS) veldur minni sókn hvítkorna inn í hjartadrepið og minni levkotríen myndun (14, 15). Mun yfirleitt talið, að EPS sé að þakka flest eða öll hin jákvæðu áhrif, sem að framan greinir. Mikilvægt var að rannsaka, hvort lýsi hefði bein áhrif gegn takttruflunum hjá fólki. Til slíkrar rannsóknar var valinn hópur sjúklinga, sem nýlega hafði fengið hjartadrep, enda eru takttruflanir tíðar í slíku þýði og stundum mikilvægt að uppræta þær.
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