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Epidemiology of liver cirrhosis morbidity and mortality in Iceland

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Authors
Ludviksdottir, D
Skulason, H
Jakobsson, F
Thorisdottir, A
Cariglia, N
Magnusson, B
Thjodleifsson, B
Issue Date
1997-01-01

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Citation
Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1997, 9(1):61-6
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The mortality from liver cirrhosis in Iceland is the lowest in the Western world. OBJECTIVE: To study the epidemiology of liver cirrhosis mortality and morbidity in Iceland and to obtain a reliable separation between alcoholic cirrhosis (AC) and non-alcoholic cirrhosis (NAC) by using multiple data sources. METHODS: The study included the whole population of Iceland. Mortality was studied through death certificate data for the period 1951-90 and morbidity (clinical incidence) through hospital, autopsy and biopsy records for the period 1971-90. RESULTS: The average mortality for AC in age group 20 years and older was 8.6 and for NAC 19.2 per 10(6)/year and the average clinical incidence was 22.1 per 10(6)/year for AC and 25.9 per 10(6)/year for NAC. In the morbidity study 44% of cases were due to AC. In the mortality study 24% of cases were due to AC but the data suggested an underreporting of AC for males at a rate of 30%. There was a significant decrease in AC mortality with time but no change in NAC. Average alcohol consumption of inhabitants aged over 15 years increased from 2.1 to 4.9 litres per year (130%) during the period 1951-90. CONCLUSION: The incidence of cirrhosis in Iceland is very low for both AC and NAC, accounting for only 0.2% of total deaths. The reasons are unknown. The low incidence of AC in Iceland is probably partly due to low alcohol consumption. The decreasing incidence of AC despite 130% increase in alcohol consumption is thought to be due to intensive treatment of alcoholism. A low prevalence of hepatitis B and C probably contributes to the low incidence of NAC.
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