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Brunaslys barna : innlagnir á Landspítala 2000-2008

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Authors
Lovísa Baldursdóttir
Laura Scheving Thorsteinsson
Gunnar Auðólfsson
Margrét E Baldursdóttir
Berglind Ó. Sigurvinsdóttir
Vilborg Gísladóttir
Anna Ólafía Sigurðardóttir
Þráinn Rósmundsson
Issue Date
2010-11-01

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Other Titles
Burn injuries in children: admissions at Landspitali University Hospital in Iceland 2000-2008
Citation
Læknablaðið 2010, 96(11):683-9
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Causes of burn injuries in children are universally associated with social and environmental factors. Epidemiological studies are therefore important in identifying risk factors and for planning preventive interventions. METHODS: Children younger than 18 years with skin burns who were treated as inpatients at Landspitali University Hospital over a 9-year period, 2000 and 2008, were included in this retrospective descriptive study. Data was collected from medical records. RESULTS: Of 149 children included in the study 41.6% were four years old or younger. The average annual incidence of hospital admissions was 21/100,000. Cold water as first aid was applied in 78% of cases. Half of the accidents occurred in the home where a close family member was the caretaker. Risk factors were identified in 11.4% of the accidents and abuse or neglect was suspected in 3.4% of cases. Scalds were the most common type of burn injury (50.3%) followed by burns caused by fire (20.4%) including gas or petrol (14.9%) and fireworks (17.6%). The most common source of scalds was exposure to hot water from hot water mains (12,9%) and heated water (12,9%). The mean time from emergency room admission to the paediatric ward was two hours and 22 minutes. The mean length of stay was 13 days; median 9 days (range 1-97). CONCLUSION: Incidence of hospital admissions for burn injury has decreased when compared with earlier Icelandic studies. Children four years and younger and boys between 13-16 years old are most at risk for burn injuries. Stronger preventive measures as well as better documentation of burn accidents are imperative.
Tilgangur: Að afla upplýsinga um brunaslys barna sem lögðust inn á Landspítala á níu ára tímabili, meta hvort efla þurfi forvarnir og endurskoða ákveðna þætti í meðferð. Aðferðir: Í þessari afturskyggnu lýsandi rannsókn var upplýsingum safnað úr sjúkraskrám um börn yngri en átján ára sem dvöldu lengur en≥ sólarhring á Landspítala vegna brunaáverka á húð á árunum 2000-2008. Niðurstöður: Af 149 börnum voru 108 drengir og 41 stúlka. Meðalfjöldi innlagna á ári var 16,5 eða 21/100 000. Brunaslys voru algengust hjá fjögurra ára og yngri (41,6%) og í aldurshópnum 13-16 ára (45,7%). Hjá meirihlutanum (81%) var útbreiðsla áverka £10% af líkamsyfirborði. Helmingur slysa varð inni á heimili. Sár voru kæld á vettvangi í 78% tilvika. Áhættuþættir voru til staðar hjá 11,4% barna og hjá 3,4% barna var grunur um vanrækslu eða ofbeldi. Helstu brunavaldar voru heitt vatn og aðrir heitir vökvar (50,3%), þar af neysluvatn í 12,9% tilvika, eldur í 20,4% tilvika, þar af gas eða bensín hjá 14,9% barna, og skoteldar (17,6%). Meðaltími frá komu á bráðamóttöku að innlögn á barnadeild var 142 mínútur, (25-333). Meðallegutími var 13 dagar, miðgildið níu dagar (1-97) að meðtöldum sex dögum á gjörgæsludeild, miðgildið tveir dagar (1- 48) . Ályktun:Innlögnum vegna brunaáverka hefur fækkað. Algengustu brunavaldar eru heitt vatn, heitir vökvar, eldur og skoteldar. Flest eru slysin hjá börnum ≤yngri en fjögurra ára og hjá drengjum 13-16 ára. Mikilvægt er að auka öryggi barna á heimilum og beina forvörnum að áhættuhópum. Vanda þarf fyrsta mat á útbreiðslu sára og greina þætti sem hafa áhrif á dvalartíma á bráðamóttöku og legudeild. Bæta þarf skráningu í sjúkraskrá.
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