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Heilsukvíði : aukin þekking og meðferðarmöguleikar

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Authors
Sóley Dröfn Davíðsdóttir
Ólafur Árni Sveinsson
Útgáfudagur
2010-12-01

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Önnur málmynd
Health anxiety - increased knowledge and treatment options
Citation
Læknablaðið 2010, 96(12):755-61
Útdráttur
Patients with hypochondriasis are preoccupied with the fear or belief that they have a serious, undiagnosed disease. This concern derives from misinterpretations of benign physical sensations, and persists despite appropriate reassurance to the contrary. They have, on average, disproportionately high rates of visits to physicians, specialty consultations, laboratory tests, and surgical procedures, as well as high health care costs. Despite this extensive medical attention, they find their care unsatisfactory, which is understandable, as convincing alternative explanations to their ailments are repeatedly delayed. Physicians, in turn, may feel discouraged and frustrated in relation to these individuals where their best efforts to help often prove ineffective or are even rejected. Recent scientific studies have shown that cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are effective treatment options for health anxiety as demonstrated in clinical trials.
Heilsukvíði einkennist af óhóflegum og hamlandi kvíða þar sem fólk óttast að vera haldið alvarlegum sjúkdómi þrátt fyrir að niðurstöður læknisskoðana og rannsókna bendi til annars. Heilsukvíðnir hafa margir hverjir ítrekað gengist undir læknisrannsóknir sem ekki hafa verið til þess fallnar að veita trúverðugar skýringar á þeim vanda sem fyrir er. Endurteknar fregnir af því hvað sé líklegast ekki að hrjá hinn heilsukvíðna slær aðeins á kvíða hans í skamman tíma og getur aukið á ráðaleysið og grafið undan trausti hans á heilbrigðiskerfið þegar til lengri tíma er litið. Aukinn áhugi hefur vaknað á heilsukvíða á síðastliðnum árum og áratugum. Ekki síst er það góður árangur hugrænnar atferlismeðferðar sem getið hefur af sér þennan aukna áhuga. Samkvæmt hugrænu skýringarlíkani á heilsukvíði rætur í og er viðhaldið af rangtúlkunum á eðlilegum líkamseinkennum. Auk þess hefur lyfjameðferð með sértækum serótónín-endurupptökuhemlum getið af sér ágætis árangur. Hefur vandinn löngum þótt illviðráðanlegur en með hugrænni atferlismeðferð og/eða lyfjameðferð hefur náðst betri árangur í meðferð þessa oft illvíga vanda. Tilgangur þessarar greinar er að auka þekkingu íslensks heilbrigðisstarfsfólks á heilsukvíða og ekki síst að gera grein fyrir auknum meðferðarmöguleikum.
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