Notkun stofnfrumna úr fósturvísum til lækninga : viðhorfskönnun meðal íslenskra lækna, lögfræðinga og presta
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Issue Date
2003-06-01
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The use of embryonic stem cells for medical-therapeutical purposes: a study of attitudes among Icelandic physicians, lawyers and clergymenCitation
Læknablaðið 2003, 89(6):499-504Abstract
Objective: To study the bioethical standpoints among three groups of Icelandic professionals in relation to the use of embryonic stem cells for medical-therapeutical purposes. Material and methods: In June 2002, a questionnaire was sent by mail to a random sample of 284 doctors and 293 lawyers, as well as all 168 practicing clergymen in Iceland. The participants' position in relation to the use of embryonic stem cells for therapeutical purposes was elicited through general questions as well as case examples. 290 questionnaires (39%) were returned. Results: 62% of participants believed the embryo to have an ethical status superior to that of biologically comparable life forms. 20% of respondents considered its status as equal to that of a grown human being, whilst 18% considered it equal to biologically comparable primitive life forms. There was a difference between the respondent groups (p<0,05). A vast majority believed the use of embryonic stem cells for therapeutical purposes to be justifiable, although the origin of the stem cells appeared to make a difference to many respondents. 8% of participants took an unconditional position against the use of embryonic stem cells. Among those who considered the use of embryonic stem cells with a therapeutic aim to be justifiable, 71% believed that embryonic stem cells should only be utilized to treat diseases of a severe nature. 64% of participants defended the idea of therapeutic cloning with the intention to treat a patient with Parkinson's disease, but the case history elicited considerable difference between professional groups. Clergymen and lawyers tended to hold firmer attitudes, clergymen against and lawyers for the use of stem cells, whilst medical doctors as a group positioned themselves more towards the middle. Female respondents generally took a more modest stand whilst males were more likely to take a firmer stand in both directions. A vast majority (87%) of the participants believed there to be a need for public debate in relation to the use of embryonic stem cells for therapeutical purposes. Conclusion: Overall, participants views in relation to the use of embryonic stem cells for medical purposes were rather liberal. There were however significant differences between professional groups. The relatively high tolerance in regard to therapeutic cloning is interesting in view of the considerable controversy over this topic in many countries. There appears to be fertile ground for a public debate about the use of embryonic stem cells for medical purposes in Iceland.Tilgangur: Markmið rannsóknarinnar var að fá vísbendingu um afstöðu lækna, lögfræðinga og presta til notkunar á stofnfrumum úr fósturvísum til lækninga. Efniviður og aðferðir: Úr markhópunum voru valdir með slembiaðferð 284 læknar og 293 lögfræðingar og allir starfandi prestar á Íslandi, samtals 168. Sendur var út spurningalisti til að kanna siðferðilega afstöðu þessara aðila til notkunar stofnfrumna úr fósturvísum til lækninga. Alls bárust 290 svör (39% svörun). Niðurstöður: Rúmlega 60% þátttakenda taldi að fósturvísir hefði ákveðna siðferðilega sérstöðu umfram aðrar lífverur á sambærilegu þroskaskeiði. Þeir sem töldu fósturvísi hafa siðferðilegt gildi á við manneskju voru um 20% og tæplega 18% að fósturvísar nytu ekki siðferðisréttar umfram aðra frumuklasa. Munur var á milli stétta (p<0,05). Mikill meirihluti áleit notkun stofnfrumna úr fósturvísum til lækninga réttlætanlega, en í huga margra skipti það máli með hvaða hætti fósturvísirinn hefði orðið til. Tæplega 8% þátttakenda setti sig alfarið á móti lækningum með stofnfrumur. Af þeim sem álitu notkun stofnfrumna í læknisfræðilegum tilgangi réttlætanlega töldu 71% að eðli sjúkdómsins skipti máli og að aðeins eigi að beita slíkum aðferðum þegar fengist er við alvarlega sjúkdóma. 64% lækna og 68% lögfræðinga taldi einræktun í því skyni að meðhöndla Parkinsons-sjúkling réttlætanlega samanborið við 40% presta (p<0,01) og heldur fleiri karlar en konur (p<0,01), 64% karla borið saman við 52% kvenna (p<0,01). Mikill meirihluti (87%) taldi þörf á þjóðfélagslegri umræðu um þessi mál. Ályktanir: Almennt eru þátttakendur frjálslyndir gagnvart notkun stofnfrumna úr fósturvísum til lækninga. Frjálslyndi gagnvart einræktun í lækningaskyni er athyglisvert, en mikill styr hefur staðið um slíkar aðgerðir í flestum ríkjum. Þörf er á upplýsingu og umræðu.
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