Talídómíð, lyf hörmunga og hjálpræðis : yfirlitsgrein : tilurð talídómíðs, sameindargerð og fyrsti ferill
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Authors
Þorkell JóhannessonIssue Date
2003-10-01
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Thalidomide: Drug of horror and last resort. A review. Part 1: Origin, molecular structure and first pattern of useCitation
Læknablaðið 2003, 89(10):751-756Abstract
Thalidomide was originally a hypnotic, sedative and anxiolytic drug that was first used in 1955. It was considered to have little toxicity and have smooth activity. Thalidomide was in fact poorly studied both in animals and for therapeutic purposes. It was nevertheless agressively advertised, and inter alia for use in pregnancy, and accordingly it was a much used drug. During the year 1961 it became evident that intake of thalidomide in therapeutic doses could result in severe peripheral neuritis and, when taken early in pregnancy, in horrendous damage to the fetus. Thalidomide was thus shortly afterwards generally removed from the market and its use prohibited. Nevertheless, interest rose a few years later to use thalidomide on other indications than before. This is the topic of Part 2 of this review as well as discussion of studies pertinent to the mechanisms of action of thalidomide.Talídómíð var upphaflega svefnlyf, róandi lyf og kvíðastillandi lyf, sem byrjað var að nota árið 1955. Það þótti hafa lítil eiturhrif og blíða verkun. Talídómíð var í raun illa rannsakað lyf bæði í dýratilraunum og til lækninga, en var engu að síður auglýst af mikilli áfergju, meðal annars handa þunguðum konum. Talídómíð náði þess vegna ótrúlegri útbreiðslu. Árið 1961 varð ljóst að talídómíð gat í venjulegum skömmtum valdið alvarlegum skemmdum í úttaugakerfi og einnig hörmulegum fósturskemmdum. Talídómíð var því víðast tekið af markaði og notkun þess bönnuð. Fáum árum síðar vaknaði engu að síður áhugi á að nota talídómíð á aðrar ábendingar en áður. Um það er fjallað í síðari hluta þessa yfirlits svo og um rannsóknir er lúta að verkunum og verkunarháttum talídómíðs.
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