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Notkun náttúruefna, fæðubótarefna og lausasölulyfja : hönnun og prófun spurningalista

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Authors
Anna Birna Almarsdóttir
Magnús Sigurðsson
Vilmundur Guðnason
Issue Date
2003-10-01

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Other Titles
The use of herbal medicines, food supplements, and OTCs - design and testing of a questionnaire
Citation
Læknablaðið 2003, 89(10):779-85
Abstract
Background: Epidemiologic studies show that open-ended questionnaire items are unreliable measures of the use of drugs and related substances. It is also important to avoid questions regarding the distant past. These issues were kept in mind when designing a questionnaire on the use of herbal medicines, food supplements, and over-the-counter drugs (OTCs). The objectives of this study were to pre-test the questionnaire and measure the prevalence of use in the last two weeks. Methods: A questionnaire was constructed almost entirely with closed-ended responses. A pre-test was carried out in two phases. Respondents were patrons of the Icelandic Heart Association's clinic. In the utilization study a sample was taken from all 18 079 participants of the MONICA Reykjavík research study and the Descendant Study of the Icelandic Heart Association. The random sample was stratified according to age and sex (N=350). A chi-squared test was used to compare rates. Results: The questionnaire was changed little after pre-testing. The main changes related to wording of questions. In the utilization study, 220 individuals responded (62.9%). The prevalence of herbal use was 46.8%, 75.9% for vitamins, minerals, and micronutrients, and 69.5% for OTCs. Garlic was the most commonly used herbal and food-supplement (14.5%). Codliver oil held a superior position in the group of vitamins, minerals, and micronutrients (59.1%). Vitamin C was the most used single vitamin (20,9%). Calcium was by far the most used mineral (11,4%). Pain relievers were the most common OTCs (38.6%). Conclusions: The format of the questionnaire was satisfactory. The prevalence of use of all groups of substances was high compared to foreign studies. Response bias may make the use seem higher than is true. As the sample was very small, this study should be viewed as a test of a specific method for measuring the use of these substances.
Tilgangur: Faraldsfræðilegar rannsóknir sýna að opnar spurningar í spurningalistum eru varasamar við mælingu á notkun lyfja og skyldra efna. Mikilvægt er einnig að varast að spyrja langt aftur í tímann. Þessi atriði voru höfð í huga við hönnun spurningalista um notkun náttúruefna, fæðubótarefna og lausasölulyfja. Markmið rannsóknarinnar var að prófa spurningalistann ásamt því að mæla algengi notkunar síðustu tvær vikur. Efniviður og aðferðir: Nýr spurningalisti var hannaður og nær allir svarmöguleikar hafðir lokaðir. Forprófun á spurningalistanum fór fram í tveim fösum. Þátttakendur voru úr hópi fólks sem kom í skoðun hjá Hjartavernd. Í þriðja fasa var tekið úrtak af 18.079 þátttakendum úr Reykjavíkurrannsókn MONICA og Afkomendarannsókn Hjartaverndar. Tekið var lagskipt slembiúrtak með tilliti til aldurs og kyns (N=350). Við samanburð á tíðnitölum var notað kí-kvaðrat próf. Niðurstöður: Spurningalistanum var lítillega breytt eftir forprófun. Aðallega var um orðalagsbreytingar að ræða í spurningunum. Í notkunarrannsókninni svöruðu 220 einstaklingar listanum (62,9% svarhlutfall). Algengi notkunar náttúruefna var 46,8%; 75,9% fyrir vítamín, stein- og snefilefni, og 69,5% fyrir lausasölulyf. Hvítlaukur var algengasta náttúru- og fæðubótarefnið (14,5%). Lýsi hafði yfirburði í flokki vítamína, stein- og snefilefna (59,1%). C-vítamín var mest notað af stökum vítamínum (20,9%). Kalk var langmest notaða steinefnið (11,4%). Verkjalyf voru algengustu lausasölulyfin (38,6%). Ályktanir: Form spurningalistans þótti þægilegt í forprófun. Algengi notkunar allra flokkanna er mikið miðað við erlendar rannsóknir. Svarbjagi gæti verið til staðar þannig að notkun virðist algengari hjá Íslendingum en raunin er. Þar sem úrtak var mjög lítið skal litið á þessa rannsókn sem prófun ákveðinnar aðferðar við mælingu notkunar þessara efna og lyfja.
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