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Estrógenvirk efni í plöntum og áhrif þeirra á heilsu manna

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Authors
Elín V. Magnúsdóttir
Issue Date
2002-11-01

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Phytoestrogens and human health
Citation
Læknablaðið 2002, 88(11):821-5
Abstract
Recently there has been a growing interest in phytoestrogens, because they have been proven to play a protective role against many diseases that have been related to lifestyle in the westernized countries. The four main classes of phytoestrogens are: isoflavones, flavones, coumestrans and lignans. Known mechanisms of action include estrogen receptor agonism and possibly antagonism, influences on sex hormone binding globulin and/or key enzymes in sex hormone production and metabolism. Other effects not linked to sex hormones, such as antioxidant activity, antiproliferative activity and inhibition of angiogenesis, have also been suggested. A short review of the most studied health effects that have been linked to phytoestrogens is presented, such as prevention of certain types of cancer, osteoporosis and coronary heart disease.
Á undanförnum árum hefur verið vaxandi áhugi fyrir ýmsum estrógenvirkum efnum sem finnast í plöntum, þar sem rannsóknir hafa sýnt fram á að þau geti haft jákvæð áhrif á heilsu manna og haft fyrirbyggjandi áhrif gegn margvíslegum sjúkdómum sem oft fylgja vestrænum lifnaðarháttum. Þessi efni eru einu nafni kölluð fýtóestrógenar eða plöntuestrógenar, en helstu efnaflokkarnir sem þeir tilheyra eru ísóflavón, önnur flavón, kúmestan og lignan. Þekkt verkun er meðal annars estrógen- og hugsanlega einnig andestrógen-áhrif sem miðlað er um estrógen-viðtaka og áhrif á bindiprótein og/eða ensím sem taka þátt í myndun eða umbroti kynhormóna. Einnig hefur verið sýnt fram á önnur áhrif sem ekki eru tengd kynhormónum, svo sem andoxunarvirkni og hamlandi áhrif á stjórnlausan frumuvöxt og nýmyndun æða. Gefið er stutt yfirlit yfir þau heilsufarslegu áhrif sem mest hafa verið rannsökuð í tengslum við plöntuestrógena, svo sem verndandi áhrif gegn ákveðnum tegundum krabbameina, beinþynningu og hjarta- og æðasjúkdómum.
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