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Aukning öndunarfæraeinkenna og notkunar astmalyfja meðal Íslendinga á aldrinum 20-44 ára

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Authors
Stefán Sigurkarlsson
Michael Clausen
Þórarinn Gíslason
Davíð Gíslason
Issue Date
2011-09

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Other Titles
[Prevalence of respiratory symptoms and use of asthma drugs are increasing among young adult Icelanders]
Citation
Læknablaðið 2011, 97 (9):463-7
Abstract
In the year 1990 the European Community Respiratory Health Survey I (ECRHS I) demonstrated that the prevalence of these diseases was lowest in Iceland (www.ecrhs.org). In order to compare the prevalence of respiratory symptoms in Reykjavik over time, a new identical cross-sectional study was performed seventeen years later.
Both cohorts, were in the age group 20-44 years and randomly selected from the population in Reykjavik and suburbs. Both answered questionnaires about respiratory symptoms, nasal allergy and use of anti-asthmatic drugs. The second cohort was part of the EuroPrevall study (www.europrevall.org) performed in 2007.
Response rate was lower in 2007 (999 or 43.2%) than in 1990 (2.903 or 80.6%).The prevalence of attacks of asthma increased over time from 2.2% to 6.7% (p<0.0001), use of anti-asthmatic drugs increased from 2.4% to 7.2% (p<0.0001) and nasal allergy symptoms from 17.8% to 29.3% (p< 0.0001). There was an increase of all respiratory symptoms except wheezing or whistling, where the prevalence dropped from 18.0% to 14.4% (p<0.01). In the year 2007 women had more often been woken by attacks of coughing (p<0.0001), had more often attacks of asthma (p<0.05) and were more likely to use anti-asthmatic drugs (p<0.05) than men. Attacks of asthma and the use of anti-asthmatic drugs were more common among the younger age group in the year 2007. That was not seen in the year 1990.
This study provides evidence of an increase in respiratory symptoms and use of anti-asthmatic drugs over a period of 17 years from 1990 among young adult Icelanders.
Inngangur: Við samanburð milli 15 þjóða í Evrópurannsókninni Lungu og heilsa (ECRHS I) árið 1990 reyndist vera minnst um ofnæmissjúkdóma á Íslandi. Í þessari rannsókn eru niðurstöður tveggja þverskurðarrannsókna bornar saman til þess að meta hvort öndunarfæraeinkenni og notkun astmalyfja hafi aukist á Íslandi á 17 ára tímabili frá 1990. Efniviður og aðferðir: Rannsóknarhóparnir voru á aldrinum 20-44 ára og valdir af handahófi á höfuðborgarsvæðinu. Spurt var um einkenni frá öndunarfærum, nefofnæmi og notkun astmalyfja. Fyrri rannsóknarhópurinn (n=3.600) var úr Evrópurannsókninni sem hófst árið 1990, en sá síðari (n=2.313) var í fæðuofnæmisrannsókninni EuroPrevall árið 2007. Báðar rannsóknirnar voru alþjóðlegar. Niðurstöður: Svörun var lakari árið 2007 (43,2%) en árið 1990 (80,6%). Við samanburð árin 1990 og 2007 á einkennum síðustu 12 mánaða, varð hlutfallsleg aukning á sögu um astmaköst (2,2% og 6,7%, p<0,0001), notkun astmalyfja (2,4% og 7,2%, p<0,0001) og sögu um nefofnæmi (17,8% og 29,3%, p<0,0001). Aukning var á öndunarfæraeinkennum nema pípi og surgi, sem minna var um árið 2007 (14,4%) en 1990 (18,0%, p<0,01), en mæði samfara pípi og surgi var meiri 2007 (p<0,0001). Konur, einkum þær yngri, vöknuðu oftar vegna hóstakasta í báðum rannsóknum (p<0,0001). Árið 2007 höfðu fleiri konur astma (p<0,05) og notuðu oftar astmalyf en karlar (p<0,05). Árið 2007 voru astmaköst og notkun astmalyfja mun algengari meðal yngri þátttakenda. Slíkur aldursmunur var ekki til staðar árið 1990. Ályktanir: Rannsóknin styður að aukning hafi orðið á einkennum frá öndunarfærum og notkun astmalyfja á árunum frá 1990-2007.
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