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Issue Date
2001-04-01
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Posttraumatic stress disorderCitation
Læknablaðið 2001, 87(4):285-91Abstract
Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and post-traumatic therapeutic intervention are relatively new concepts, and in fact it was only recently that psychiatric disorders connected with disastrous events were accepted as a separate category in the medical nomenclature. An attempt will be made here to shed some light on these concepts, principally in the hope that it may be of use to doctors in rural areas. Both old and recent papers, have been reviewed concerning the immediate as well as the long-term effects on individuals and groups who have been exposed to stressful experiences such as life-threatening situations. In addition to describing the symptoms of PTSD, risk factors are discussed such as individual vulnerability, particular circumstances, and the interaction of factors more conducive to chronic problems than the nature or intensity of the stressor. Then the term post-traumatic therapeutic intervention is evaluated. The view that emotional processing is the essence of treatment of the disorder is widely questioned. More comprehensive ideas about methods, and aid to people suffering from PTSD, are considered.Geðraskanir tengdar alvarlegri vá voru teknar upp sem sérstakur flokkur í greiningarlyklum læknisfræðinnar fyrir um 20 árum. Markmið þessarar greinar er að læknar í dreifðum byggðum landsins öðlist grundvallarskilning á áfallastreitu, átti sig á hverjir eru í áhættu og hvernig eigi að bregðast við. Til að ná þessu er rakin saga greiningarinnar og hvernig hugmyndir lækna hafa þróast um eðli áfallastreitu, meðferð og fyrirbyggjandi aðgerðir. Einkennum áfallastreitu er lýst og jafnframt er bent á áhættuþætti svo sem ýmsa veikleika fólks, aðstæður og samhengi ýmissa þátta, sem geta skipt meiru um langtímavanda fólks en eðli og styrkur áfallsins. Raktar eru efasemdir um gildi viðrunar tilfinninga (debriefing) í áfallahjálp, en jafnframt bent á aðra kosti í meðferð, sem heimilislæknar ættu að kunna skil á.
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