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Algengi bráðaofnæmis og astma meðal íslenskra læknanema

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Authors
Elín Bjarnadóttir
Davíð Gíslason
Þórarinn Gíslason
Issue Date
2001-07-01

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Other Titles
Atopy and allergic disorders among Icelandic medical students
Citation
Læknablaðið 2001, 87(7-8):621-24
Abstract
Objective: To compare the prevalence of IgE-mediated sensitization, allergic disorders and possible risk factors for atopic sensitization among Icelandic medical students (n=113) to a randomly chosen age matched group previously investigated in the Icelandic part of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. Material and methods: Altogether 100 medical students participated and 102 in the control group. They were skin prick tested and they answered questions about respiratory symptoms, smoking habits, family history and home environment in childhood. Results: Only 4% of medical students reported daily smoking compared to 27% of the controls. The medical students also had a significantly lower number (mean +/- SD) of siblings (2.2+/-1.3) compared to the controls (3.9+/-1.7). The controls also shared bedrooms with older siblings in childhood three times as often. Atopic sensitization, defined as a positive (3 mm or more) reaction to at least one of nine common airborne allergens used in testing, was found in 41% of the medical students compared to 26.5% of the controls. The prevalence of asthma and urticaria was also significantly higher among the medical students. Conclusions: Medical students have more often IgE-mediated sensitization and allergy related diseases than a controlgroup of the same age. A possible explanation to this is a lower number of siblings among medical students and a different household situation in childhood.
Markmið: Tilgangur könnunarinnar var að kanna algengi bráðaofnæmis og ofnæmissjúkdóma hjá læknanemum og bera niðurstöðurnar saman við samsvarandi niðurstöður hjá samanburðarhópi jafnaldra, sem valdir voru af handahófi. Einnig voru hugsanlegir áhættuþættir og verndandi þættir bornir saman milli hópanna. Efniviður og aðferðir: Í læknanemahópnum voru 100 þátttakendur en 102 í samanburðarhópi jafnaldra. Gerð voru húðpróf og var þátttakandi talinn með bráðaofnæmi ef hann hafði eina eða fleiri jákvæða húðsvörun. Einnig svöruðu þátttakendur spuringalistum þar sem spurt var um ofnæmi í ætt, einkenni frá öndunarfærum, fjölda systkina, heimilisaðstæður í æsku og reykingar. Niðurstöður: Húðpróf voru jákvæð hjá 41% læknanema og 26,5% viðmiðunarhópsins. Húðpróf voru oftast jákvæð fyrir grasfrjói, hjá 29% læknanema og 12% viðmiðunahópsins. Húðpróf voru oftar jákvæð hjá læknanemunum en viðmiðunarhópnum fyrir öllum ofnæmisvökunum nema rykmaur (D. pteronyssinus) þar sem jákvæðar svaranir voru jafn algengar í báðum hópunum. Reykingar daglega voru nær sjö sinnum algengari meðal samanburðarhópsins en hjá læknanemum. Astmi og ofsakláði voru marktækt algengari meðal læknanema. Læknanemar áttu nær helmingi færri systkini en viðmiðunarhópurinn og þeir deildu sjaldnar svefnherbergi með eldra systkini í æsku. Ályktanir: Læknanemar eru mun oftar með bráðaofnæmi og ofnæmistengda sjúkdóma en jafnaldrar þeirra. Þessi munur kann að skýrast af smærri systkinahópi læknanema og öðrum uppvaxtarskilyrðum.
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Icelandic Journal Articles (Peer Reviewed)

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