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Lungnakrabbamein : yfirlitsgrein

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Authors
Tómas Guðbjartsson
Agnes Smáradóttir
Halla Skúladóttir
Hlynur N. Grímsson
Hrönn Hardardóttir
Jóhannes Björnsson
Pétur Hannesson
Sigrídur Ólína Haraldsdóttir
Steinn Jónsson
Issue Date
2008-04-01

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Other Titles
Lung cancer--review
Citation
Læknablaðið 2008, 94(4):297-311
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second most common cancer in Iceland and the most frequent cause of cancer related deaths. Smoking is by far the most important cause but familial factors also contribute. The symptoms of lung cancer are often subtle and the diagnosis, in about 70% of cases, is made when metastases have occurred. Curative surgical treatment is therefore only possible in about a third of the cases whereas other patients receive chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. In recent years some important advances have been made in the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to lung cancer. New imaging techniques have improved diagnosis and staging practices and consequently also treatment. Recent evidence suggests that screening with low dose CT may improve survival. New approaches to chemotherapy have been shown to improve survival and well being of patients with advanced disease. Chemotherapeutic agents are now being used in conjunction with surgery to reduce the risk of tumour spread. Furthermore, advances in surgical techniques have made resections possible in cases deemed inoperable in the past. In this review we present important advances in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer as reflected by recent literature that should be of interest to a wide variety of specialists.
Lungnakrabbamein er annað algengasta krabbameinið á Íslandi og það krabbamein sem dregur flesta Íslendinga til dauða. Orsökina má yfirleitt rekja beint til reykinga en erfðaþættir koma einnig við sögu. Einkenni lungnakrabbameins eru oft almenns eðlis. Sjúklingar greinast því oft seint og um 70% þeirra eru með meinvörp við greiningu. Skurðaðgerð í læknandi tilgangi kemur aðeins til greina í um þriðjungi tilfella en annars er beitt krabbameinslyfjum og/eða geislameðferð. Á síðustu árum hafa orðið framfarir í greiningu og meðferð lungnakrabbameins. Nýjungar í myndgreiningu auðvelda rannsóknir og stigun æxlanna og meðferð hefur því orðið markvissari. Margt bendir til þess að skimun með lágskammta tölvusneiðmyndum geti bætt horfur og lækkað dánartíðni. Nýjar tegundir krabbameinslyfja hafa bætt líðan og lengt líf sumra sjúklinga með útbreitt lungnakrabbamein. Þá er í vaxandi mæli farið að gefa krabbameinslyfjameðferð í tengslum við skurðaðgerðir, aðallega til að minnka líkur á því að krabbameinið nái að dreifa sér. Loks hafa nýjungar í skurðlækningum gert kleift að fjarlægja æxli sem áður voru talin óskurðtæk. Í þessari yfirlitsgrein eru helstu nýjungar í greiningu og meðferð lungnakrabbameins reifaðar. Byggt er á nýjustu þekkingu og heimildum en greinin er skrifuð með lækna úr sem flestum sérgreinum í huga.
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Icelandic Journal Articles (Peer Reviewed)

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