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Áhættuþættir meiðsla í knattspyrnu í tveimur efstu deildum karla á Íslandi

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Authors
Árni Árnason
Issue Date
2008-03-01

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Citation
Sjúkraþjálfarinn 2008, 35(1):8-12
Abstract
Risk factors for injuries in soccer in the two highest male divisions in Iceland The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for football injuries using a multivariate model. Participants were 306 male football players from the two highest divisions in Iceland. Before the football season started, the following factors were examined: height, weight, body composition, flexibility, leg extension power, jump height, peak O2 uptake, joint stability and history of previous injury. Injuries and player exposure were recorded through the competitive season. The results showed that older players were at higher risk of injury in general (odds ratio [OR]=1.1 per year, p=0.05). For hamstring strains the significant risk factors were age (OR=1.4 [1 year], p<0.001) and previous hamstring strains (OR=11.6, p<0.001). For groin strains the predictor risk factors were previous groin strains (OR=7.3, p=0.001) and decreased range of motion in hip abduction (OR=0.9 [1°], p=0.05). Previous injury was also identified as risk factor for knee (OR=4.6) and ankle sprains (OR=5.3).
Margar rannsóknir hafa verið framkvæmdar til að kanna tegund, staðsetningu og alvarleika meiðsla í knattspyrnu.1,3-5,7,8,10-12,16,18-20,25,27,30 Í mörgum rannsóknum hafa mögulegir innri og ytri áhættuþættir verið skoðaðir.1,3,4,9-14,16,18-20,27,30-32 Rannsóknir gefa til kynna að innri áhættuþættir svo sem hækkaður aldur30 og fyrri meiðsli11,12 virðast auka hættu á meiðslum. Sumar rannsóknir benda til að mekanískur óstöðugleiki í ökklum og hnjám, almennur slaki í liðböndum og starfrænn óstöðugleiki geti einnig leitt til meiðsla.1,30,32 Ytri áhættuþættir svo sem lítil þjálfun,9 lágt hlutfall milli æfinga og keppni,14 svo og hart og stamt undirlag1,29 virðast einnig geta aukið hættu á meiðslum. Skilningur á einstaklingsbundnum áhættuþáttum meiðsla er mikilvægur grunnur undir forvarnir. Í slíkum rannsóknum er mikilvægt að nota fjölþátta líkan til að skoða möguleg innbyrðis tengsl áhættuþátta. Markmið þessarar rannsóknar var að skoða tíðni, tegund, staðsetningu og alvarleika meiðsla í tveimur efstu deildum karla í knattspyrnu á Íslandi. Einnig að skoða hvort ákveðnir þættir (aldur, hæð, líkamssamsetning, liðleiki, sprengikraftur, stökkkraftur, hámarks súrefnisupptaka, óstöðugleiki í ökklum og hnjám, fyrri meiðsli og magn æfinga og leikja) gætu flokkast undir áhættuþætti meiðsla.
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