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Landskönnun á mataræði sex ára barna 2011-2012

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Authors
Ingibjörg Gunnarsdóttir
Hafdís Helgadóttir
Birna Þórisdóttir
Inga Þórsdóttir
Issue Date
2013-01

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Other Titles
Diet of six-year-old Icelandic children - National dietary survey 2011-2012.
Citation
Læknablaðið 2013, 99(1):17-23
Abstract
Þekking á mataræði er grundvöllur stefnumótunar stjórnvalda í manneldismálum. Tilgangur rannsóknarinnar var að kanna mataræði 6 ára barna. Þátttakendur voru 6 ára börn (n=162) valin með slembiúrtaki úr þjóðskrá. Matur og drykkur sem börnin neyttu var vigtaður og skráður í þrjá daga. Fæðuval og neysla næringarefna voru borin saman við fæðutengdar ráðleggingar og ráðlagða dagsskammta (RDS) fyrir viðkomandi næringarefni. Samanlögð meðalneysla ávaxta og grænmetis var 275±164 grömm á dag (g/dag), en innan við 20% þátttakenda neytti ≥400 g/dag. Fisk- og lýsisneysla um fjórðungs þátttakenda var í samræmi við ráðleggingar. Meirihluti (87%) neytti ≥2 skammta af mjólk og mjólkurvörum daglega. Fæða með lága næringarþéttni (kex, kökur, gos- og svaladrykkir, sælgæti, snakk og ís) veitti að meðaltali nær 25% af heildarorku. Einungis um 5% barna nær viðmiðum um hlutfall harðrar fitu í fæðu og neyslu matarsalts og innan við 20% barna nær viðmiðum um neyslu fæðutrefja. Meðalneysla vítamína og steinefna var almennt hærri en RDS fyrir viðkomandi næringarefni. Undantekning var D-vítamín þar sem einungis fjórðungur barnanna neytti RDS eða meira af vítamíninu. Matarvenjur 6 ára barna veita sem svarar RDS fyrir flest vítamín og steinefni að undanteknu D-vítamíni. Mataræðið samræmist ekki ráðleggingum hvað varðar grænmeti, ávexti, fisk og lýsi. Samsetning orkugefandi efna og trefjaefnainnihald er ekki eins og best verður á kosið enda veita vörur með lága næringarþéttni stóran hluta orkunnar. Mikilvægt er að leita leiða til að bæta mataræði íslenskra barna.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Knowledge of dietary habits makes the basis for public nutrition policy. The aim of this study was to assess dietary intake of Icelandic six-year-olds. Subjects were randomly selected six-year-old children (n=162). Dietary intake was assessed by three-day-weighed food records. Food and nutrient intake was compared with the Icelandic food based dietary guidelines (FBDG) and recommended intake of vitamins and minerals. Fruit and vegetable intake was on average 275±164 g/d, and less than 20% of the subjects consumed ≥400 g/day. Fish and cod liver oil intake was in line with the FBDG among approximately 25% of subjects. Most subjects (87%) consumed at least two portions of dairy products daily. Food with relatively low nutrient density (cakes, cookies, sugar sweetened drinks, sweets and ice-cream) provided up to 25% of total energy intake. The contribution of saturated fatty acids to total energy intake was 14.1%. Less than 20% of the children consumed dietary fibers in line with recommendations, and for saturated fat and salt only 5% consumed less than the recommended upper limits. Average intake of most vitamins and minerals, apart from vitamin-D, was higher than the recommended intake. Although the vitamin and mineral density of the diet seems adequate, with the exception of vitamin-D, the contribution of low energy density food to total energy intake is high. Intake of vegetables, fruits, fish and cod liver oil is not in line with public recommendations. Strategies aiming at improving diet of young children are needed.
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