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Tengsl búsetu fyrstu 20 æviárin við áhættu á sykursýki af tegund 2

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Authors
Elín Ólafsdóttir
Thor Aspelund
Jóhanna E Torfadóttir
Laufey Steingrímsdóttir
Gunnar Sigurðsson
Bolli Þórsson
Rafn Benediktsson
Guðný Eiríksdóttir
Unnur Anna Valdimarsdóttir,
Vilmundur Guðnason
Issue Date
2012-12

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Other Titles
Early life residency associated with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes - the population-based Reykjavík study
Citation
Læknablaðið 2012, 98(12):639-44
Abstract
Inngangur: Kyrrseta og ofneysla orkuríkrar fæðu tengjast aukinni áhættu á að fá sykursýki af tegund 2 en áhrif aðbúnaðar í uppvexti á slíka áhættu síðar á ævinni hafa lítt verið athuguð. Tilgangur þessarar rannsóknar var að kanna tengsl búsetu í dreifbýli fyrstu 20 æviárin við áhættu á að fá sykursýki 2 miðað við búsetu í Reykjavík frá fæðingu. Efniviður og aðferðir: Í lýðgrunduðu þýði 17.811 karla (48%) og kvenna, meðalaldur 53 ár (aldursbil 33-81), sem tóku þátt í Reykjavíkurrannsókn Hjartaverndar á árunum 1967-1991, bjuggu 29% í sveit og 35% í sjávarþorpum að meðaltali í 20 ár áður en þeir fluttu til Reykjavíkur, en 36% bjuggu í Reykjavík frá fæðingu. Reiknuð var hlutfallsleg áhætta á að fá sykursýki 2 eftir búsetu. Niðurstöður: Hlutfallsleg áhætta á að fá sykursýki 2 var 43% lægri í körlum (RR 0,57; 95% CI 0,43-0,77) og 26% lægri í konum (RR 0,74; 95% CI 0,56-0,99) sem bjuggu í sveit fyrstu 20 ár ævinnar í samanburði við þá sem bjuggu í Reykjavík frá fæðingu. Hið lága algengi meðal þeirra sem ólust upp í sveit fannst bæði í aldurshópunum 55-64 ára og 65 ára og eldri. Ályktanir: Niðurstöður okkar benda til þess að þeir sem bjuggu í sveit á fyrri hluta 20. aldar á Íslandi voru í minni hættu á að fá sykursýki 2 síðar á ævinni, en jafnaldrar þeirra sem bjuggu í Reykjavík frá fæðingu. Við vörpum fram þeirri tilgátu að aðbúnaður snemma á ævinni hafi langvarandi áhrif á sykurefnaskipti líkamans.
Sedentary lifestyle and energy rich food have been associated with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes; limited data are available on environmental conditions in childhood on this risk later in life. The objective was to study if residency in the first 20 years of life affected the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. In a cohort of 17811 men (48%) and women, mean age 53 years (range 33-81) participating in the population-based Reykjavík Study from 1967-91, 29% grew up in rural and 35% in coastal areas for an average of 20 years before moving to urban Reykjavík, but 36% lived in Reykjavík from birth. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes according to residency in early life was examined. The relative risk of developing type 2 diabetes was 43% lower in men (RR 0.57; 95% CI 0.43-0.77) and 26% lower (RR 0.74; 95% CI 0.56-0.99) in women living in rural areas for the first 20 years of their life compared with those living in urban Reykjavík from birth. The low prevalence among those that grew up in rural areas was maintained through the age categories of 55-64 years and 65 years and older. Our findings indicate that persons growing up in rural areas in early 20th century Iceland had lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life when compared with peers living in Reykjavík from birth. We postulate a prolonged effect of early development on glucose metabolism and risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
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