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Sjónskerðing og blinda Reykvíkingar 50 ára og eldri. Reykjavíkuraugnrannsóknin.

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Authors
Elín Gunnlaugsdóttir
Ársæll Már Arnarsson
Friðbert Jónasson
Issue Date
2013-03

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Other Titles
Visual impairment and blindness in Icelanders aged 50 years and older - the Reykjavík Eye Study.
Citation
Læknablaðið 2013, 99 (3):123-7
Abstract
Tilgangur rannsóknarinnar var að kanna algengi, 5 ára nýgengi og orsakir sjónskerðingar og blindu miðaldra og eldri Reykvíkinga. Þátt tóku 1045 einstaklingar sem allir voru 50 ára eða eldri og valdir með slembiúrtaki úr Þjóðskrá. Þátttakendur gengust undir nákvæma augnskoðun árið 1996 og 5 árum síðar var hún endurtekin hjá 846 sem þá voru á lífi. Sjónskerðing var skilgreind samkvæmt flokkun Alþjóðaheilbrigðismálastofnunarinnar (WHO) sem besta-sjónskerpa (með sjónglerjum ef þörf var á) á bilinu 3/60 til <6/18 eða sjónsvið sem nemur ≥5° en <10° umhverfis miðjupunkt. Sjónskerpa sem nemur minna en 3/60 telst til blindu. Könnuð var orsök sjóntapsins í öllum augum sem reyndust vera sjónskert eða blind. Algengi sjónskerðingar var 1,0% (95% öryggismörk 0,4-1,6) og blindu 0,6% (95% öryggismörk 0,1-1,0). Fimm ára nýgengi sjónskerðingar var 1,1% (95% öryggismörk 0,4-1,8) og blindu 0,4% (95% öryggismörk 0,0-0,8). Algengi sjónskerðingar meðal 60-69 ára þátttakenda var 0,6% en jókst upp í 7,9% þegar skoðaðir voru þátttakendur sem voru orðnir áttræðir eða eldri. Aldursbundin hrörnun í augnbotnum var helsta orsök sjóntaps, bæði við upphafs- og eftirfylgdarskoðun. Skýmyndun á augasteini var aðalorsök vægari sjónskerðingar. Helstu orsakir sjóntaps sem einskorðaðist við aðeins eitt auga voru latt auga og skýmyndun á augasteini. Algengi og 5 ára nýgengi sjónskerðingar og blindu eykst með aldri. Aldursbundin hrörnun í augnbotnum var helsta orsök alvarlegs sjóntaps en skýmyndun á augasteini var algeng orsök vægari sjónskerðingar.
The purpose of this study was to examine the cause-specific prevalence and 5-year incidence of visual impairment and blindness among middle-aged and older citizens of Reykjavík. A random sample of 1045 persons aged 50 years or older underwent a detailed eye examination in 1996 and 846 of the survivors participated in a follow-up examination in 2001. Visual impairment was defined according to World Health Organization definitions as a best-corrected visual acuity of <6/18 but no worse than 3/60, or visual field of ≥5° and <10° around a fixation point in the better eye. Best-corrected visual acuity of <3/60 in the better eye was defined as blindness. The causes of visual impairment or blindness were determined for all eyes with visual loss. The prevalence of bilateral visual impairment and blindness was 1.0% (95% CI 0.4-1.6) and 0.6% (95% CI 0.1-1.0), respectively and the 5-year incidence was 1.1% (95% CI 0.4-1.8) and 0.4% (95% CI 0.0-0.8), respectively. The prevalence of visual impairment among 60-69 year old participants was 0.6%, but among those aged 80 years or older the prevalence was 7.9%. The major cause of bilateral visual impairment and blindness both at baseline and follow-up was age-related macular degeneration. Cataract accounted for less severe visual loss. The two most common causes of unilateral visual impairment at baseline were amblyopia and cataract. Cataract was the main cause of unilateral visual impairment at 5-year follow-up. Prevalence and 5-year incidence of both uni- and bilateral visual impairment and blindness increases with age. Age-related macular degeneration was the leading cause of severe visual loss in this population of middle-aged and older Icelanders.
Description
Tímaritið Acta Ophthalmologica hefur gefið leyfi sitt fyrir tvíbirtingu þessa efnis. Það var birt áður í tveimur greinum: Gunnlaugsdottir E, Arnarsson A, Jonasson F. Prevalence and causes of visual impairment and blindness in Icelanders aged 50 years and older: the Reykjavík Eye Study. Acta Ophthalmol 2008; 86: 778-85. Gunnlaugsdottir E, Arnarsson A, Jonasson F. Five-year incidence of visual impairment and blindness in older Icelanders: the Reykjavík Eye Study. Acta Ophthalmol 2010; 88; 358-66.
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