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Heilsa og líðan nýraþega á Íslandi.

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Ritrýnd fræðigrein
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Authors
Hildigunnur Friðjónsdóttir
Margrét Birna Andrésdóttir
Hildur Einarsdóttir
Arna Hauksdóttir
Issue Date
2013

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Other Titles
Health and well-being of kidney transplant recipients in Iceland.
Citation
Tímarit hjúkrunarfræðinga 2013, 89(2):49-56
Abstract
Að kanna líðan, heilsu og lífsgæði nýraígræðslu­ þega. Stuðningur og upplýsingagjöf til nýraþega voru könnuð sérstaklega og hvort munur væri á líðan nýraþega sem fengu nýra frá lifandi eða látnum gjafa. Þátttakendur og aðferð: Rannsóknin var megindleg og var spurningalisti sendur til allra nýraþega sem fengið hafa grætt í sig nýra frá lifandi eða látnum gjafa á Íslandi, voru eldri en 18 ára á tíma rannsóknar og gátu tjáð sig á íslenskri tungu (N=96). Annars vegar var í spurningalistanum að finna spurningar um bakgrunn, sjúkdómsferlið og líðan nýraþegans og hins vegar lífsgæðaspurningalistann SF 36v² ™. Alls svöruðu 73 einstaklingar spurningalistanum (76%). Þátttakendur voru á aldrinum 23 til 78 ára og 70% höfðu þegið nýra frá lifandi gjafa. Nýraþegar, sem fengu nýra frá látnum gjafa, höfðu verið lengur í skilun fyrir ígræðslu (p<0,001). Andleg heilsa nýraþega (samkvæmt SF 36v²) var sambærileg meðaltali samanburðarþýðis (47,28). Líkamleg líðan mældist undir meðaltali samanburðarþýðis (43,56). Ekki var marktækur munur á líðan, heilsu eða lífsgæðum nýraþega eftir því hvort þeir höfðu fengið nýra frá látnum eða lifandi gjafa. Nýraþegar, sem fengu nýra frá lifandi gjafa, höfðu fengið meiri stuðning frá heilbrigðisstarfsfólki. Átján prósent nýraþega, sem fengu nýra frá lifandi gjafa, og 46% nýraþega, sem fengu nýra frá látnum gjafa, töldu að sig hefði vantað fræðsluefni fyrir ígræðslu frá hjúkrunarfræðing. Álykta má að verri líkamleg líðan skýrist meðal annars af því að skilunarmeðferð, sem flestir nýraþegar þurfa fyrir aðgerð, er erfið og getur skert athafnafrelsi, og ónæmisbælandi lyfjameðferð eftir aðgerð getur haft áhrif á heilsu og líðan nýraþeganna. Auka þarf fræðslu og stuðning til nýraþega og þá sérlega þeirra sem fá nýra frá látnum gjafa.
To investigate well being, health and quality of life of kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). Furthermore, we investigated the need for support and education for the KTR. Participants and methods: A questionnaire was sent to all Icelandic KTRs above 18 years of age and able to communicate in Icelandic (N=96). The questionnaire included questions about social background and also support and education that the KTRs received before transplantation. A separate questionnaire measured quality of life (SF 36v² ™). A total of 73 individuals responded to the questionnaire (76%). Participants were 23 78 years old and 70% received a kidney from a living donor (LDR). Eighty six percent of LDR was offered a kidney without having to ask for it. Recipients of deceased donor (DDR) kidneys were longer on dialysis before transplantation (p <0.001). Results showed that the mental health was comparable to the average US population (US: 47 52, our study: 47.28) but physical health was below the average (43.56). A comparison of LDR and DDR showed no difference in well being, health and quality of life. Eighteen percent of LDR and 46% of DDR stated that they lacked information or education from nurses before the transplantation. Physical health was estimated to be worse than mental health which may be explained by illness related to the kidney failure, dialysis treatment before transplantation,complications related to immunosuppressive drugs and co-morbidities after transplantation. Our findings further indicate that information and education from health care professionals, in particular to patients on a waiting list for a deceased donor kidney, needs to be improved.
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Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn
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