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Mat á mótþróa, þrjósku og hegðunarröskun barna

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Authors
Einar Guðmundsson
Árný Helgadóttir
Alexandra Diljá Bjargardóttir,
Anna Marín Skúladóttir
Anna Gréta Oddsdóttir
Issue Date
2013

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Sálfræðiritið – Tímarit Sálfræðingafélags Íslands 2013, 18:51–62
Abstract
Einkennalistar eru mikið notaðir við mat og greiningu á geðrænum vanda barna og unglinga. Margs konar mælifræðilegar klípur fylgja notkun og túlkun slíkra lista. Hér er önnur leið farin en tíðkast í algengum greiningartækjum fyrir geðrænan vanda barna. Hegðun barna er metin með atriðum um eðlilegan þroska og með hliðsjón af greiningarviðmiðum mótþróaþrjóskuröskunar og hegðunarröskunar í DSM-IV-TR. Greint er frá niðurstöðum úr tveimur sjálfstæðum gagnasöfnum. Í gagnasafni I var 62 atriða frumsaminn listi um félags-, tilfinninga-, og siðferðisþroska barna atriðagreindur. Samtals stóðust 24 atriði viðmið í atriðagreiningunni. Þessi atriði voru þáttagreind í úrtaki mæðra (N = 138) og feðra (N = 109). Þrír þættir komu fram í úrtaki mæðra og feðra. Þeir eru nefndir út frá inntaki þeirra: Skaplyndi, Hlýðni og Félagstilfinning. Áreiðanleiki þáttanna í báðum úrtökum var á bilinu 0,80 – 0,92 og fylgni þáttanna var á bilinu 0,29 – 0,45. Í gagnasafni II voru sömu 24 atriðin þáttagreind í úrtaki mæðra barna á aldrinum 6 – 12 ára (N = 217). Sömu þrír þættir komu fram og í gagnasafni I. Þáttabygging listans er því stöðug milli óháðra úrtaka. Samin voru 57 ný atriði, þau atriðagreind, þættirnir þrír breikkaðir að inntaki og nýr þáttur, Félagsfærni, búinn til. Tveir þættir af fjórum (Skaplyndi og Félagstilfinning) nálgast normaldreifingu og stígandi er í meðaltali eftir aldri á þremur þáttanna (Skaplyndi, Félagstilfinning og Félagsfærni). Neikvæð tengsl eru milli allra þáttanna og tveggja kvarða á frávikalista Conners (Mótþrói og Félagsvandi). -------------------------------------------------------------- Symptom and behaviour checklists are widely used in assessing and diagnosing mental health problems in children and adolescents. Psychometric weaknesses jeopardize the validity of inferences drawn from these instruments. Here children´s mental health is assessed with items describing normal development and diagnostic criteria of Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder in the DSM-IV-TR. Results from two independent datasets are reported. In dataset I 62 items on social-, emotional- and moral development were constructed and item analysed in a sample of 138 mothers of nine to thirteen year-olds. Twenty-four items meeting item analysis criteria were factor analysed separately in samples of mothers (N = 138) and fathers (N = 109). Three factors emerged in both samples: Temperament, Conduct, Moral Behaviour. Their reliability ranged from .80 to .92 and their intercorrelation from .29 to .45. In dataset II the same 24 items were factor analysed in a sample of mothers of six to twelve year olds (N = 217). The same three factors emerged as in dataset I indicating a stable factor structure. Fifty-seven new items were subjected to item analysis. Items meeting criteria were added to the three factors and a new factor, Social skills, constructed. Two of the four factors (Temperament and Moral Behaviour) deviate slightly from a normal distribution. For three of the factors (Temperament, Moral Behaviour, Social Skills) means increase by age. There is a strong negative correlation between two scales on the Conners´ Parent Rating Scale (Opposition, Social Problems) and the four factors on the new instrument.
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