Menstrual cycle and respiratory symptoms in a general Nordic-Baltic population.
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Authors
Macsali, FerencSvanes, Cecilie
Sothern, Robert B
Benediktsdottir, Bryndis
Bjørge, Line
Dratva, Julia
Franklin, Karl A
Holm, Mathias
Janson, Christer
Johannessen, Ane
Lindberg, Eva
Omenaas, Ernst R
Schlünssen, Vivi
Zemp, Elizabeth
Real, Francisco Gómez
Issue Date
2013-02-15
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2013, 187(4):366-73Abstract
RATIONALE: There is little knowledge of variations in respiratory symptoms during the menstrual cycle in a general population, and potential modifying factors are not investigated. OBJECTIVES: To investigate menstrual cycle variation in respiratory symptoms in a large general population, using chronobiology methodology, and stratifying by body mass index (BMI), smoking, and asthma status. METHODS: A total of 3,926 women with regular cycles less than or equal to 28 days and not taking exogenous sex hormones answered a postal questionnaire regarding the first day of their last menstruation and respiratory symptoms in the last 3 days. Moving 4-day means were computed to smooth uneven records of daily sampling; best-fitting 28-day composite cosine curves were applied to each time series to describe rhythmicity. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Significant rhythmic variations over the menstrual cycle were found in each symptom for all subjects and subgroups. Wheezing was higher on cycle Days 10-22, with a midcycle dip near the time of putative ovulation (approximately Days 14-16) in most subgroups. Shortness of breath was higher on days 7-21, with a dip just before midcycle in many subgroups. Cough was higher just after putative ovulation for subjects with asthma, BMI greater than or equal to 23 kg/m(2), and smokers, or just before ovulation and menses onset for low symptomatic subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: Respiratory symptoms varied significantly during the menstrual cycle and were most frequent from the midluteal to midfollicular stages, often with a dip near the time of ovulation. The patterns varied by BMI, smoking, and asthma status. These relations link respiratory symptoms with hormonal changes through the menstrual cycle and imply a potential for individualized chronotherapy for respiratory diseases.Description
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201206-1112OCRights
Archived with thanks to American journal of respiratory and critical care medicineae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.1164/rccm.201206-1112OC
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