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Heilsutengd lífsgæði Íslendinga

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Authors
Tómas Helgason
Júlíus K. Björnsson
Kristinn Tómasson
Erla Grétarsdóttir
Issue Date
2000-04-01

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Other Titles
Health-related quality of life among Icelanders
Citation
Læknablaðið 2000, 86(4):251-57
Abstract
Objective: To study health-related quality of life (HRQL) among adults in Iceland with a generic Icelandic instrument, IQL (Icelandic Quality of Life), if it is the same among men and women, and if it changes by increasing age. Furthermore, it was intended to find norms for men and women in different age groups in order to evaluate patients' deviation in HRQL. Material and methods: IQL was sent to 2800 individuals, a random sample from the national registry, stratified by sex in 10 years age groups from 20-79 years and those above 80 years. For each sub-scale on the instrument and for the combined instrument raw scores were calculated for men and women in the age groups 20-49 years, 50-69 years and 70 years and older which were converted to a T-score. Results: The response rate was 61%, lower among the youngest (20-29 years) as well as among the oldest (80 years and older), but similar for men and women. Internal missing values were few. Reliability of the test was good (Cronbach's alfa=0.91). HRQL among women in general was worse than that of men both in general as well as on most sub-scales. HRQL decreases with advancing age, however, with certain exceptions. A marked difference was found between the youngest and the oldest. The quality of life in the oldest group is worse than among the younger, both in general and on most sub-scales except finance and anxiety. Depression and social function do not change significantly with age. The oldest are especially worse on the scales general health, energy and physical health. Sleep becomes worse with increasing age, especially among women. Five factors explain two thirds of the variance, general health (23.4%), mental wellbeing (20.5%), satisfaction (9.0%), sleep (6.9%) and finance (6.3%). Conclusions: When evaluating HRQL among patients it is necessary for health-care providers and researchers to take into consideration the difference in HRQL between men and women and the changes occurring with age.
Inngangur: Tilgangur rannsóknarinnar var að athuga heilsutengd lífsgæði fullorðinna Íslendinga með prófi sem samið hefur verið hér, HL-prófinu, hvort þau væru eins hjá körlum og konum og hvort þau breyttust með hækkandi aldri. Jafnframt var ætlunin að fá almenn viðmið eftir aldri og kyni svo að hægt væri að meta frávik ákveðinna hópa. Efniviður og aðferðir: HL-prófið var sent til 2800 einstaklinga, lagskipts slembiúrtaks úr þjóðskrá, jafnmargra karla og kvenna á hverju 10 ára aldursbili frá 20-79 ára og 80 ára og eldri. Reiknaðar voru grunneinkunnir fyrir hvern kvarða prófsins og fyrir prófið í heild, fyrir karla og konur í aldurshópunum, 20-49 ára, 50-69 ára og 70 ára og eldri og þeim breytt í staðaleinkunn, T-einkunn. Niðurstöður: Heildarsvörun var 61%, lægri í yngsta (20-29 ára) og elsta aldursflokknum (80 ára og eldri) en svipuð hjá körlum og konum. Innra brottfall var lítið. Áreiðanleiki prófsins í heild reyndist góður (Cronbachs alfa=0,91). Heilsutengd lífsgæði kvenna í heild eru greinilega lakari en karla og á flestum kvörðum. Heilsutengd lífsgæði minnka með hækkandi aldri, með undantekningum þó. Áberandi munur er á elsta og yngsta hópnum. Lífsgæði elsta hópsins eru lakari en hinna yngri bæði í heild og á flestum kvörðum nema fjárhag og kvíða. Depurð og samskipti breytast ekki marktækt með aldri. Þeir elstu eru áberandi lakastir á kvörðunum almennt heilsufar, þrek og líkamsheilsa. Svefn versnar með hækkandi aldri, einkum hjá konum. Fimm meginþættir skýra mest af breytileikanum, almennt heilsufar (23,4%), andleg líðan (20,5%), ánægja (9,0%), svefn (6,9%) og fjárhagur (6,3%). Ályktanir: Niðurstöður rannsóknarinnar sýna að nauðsynlegt er að þeir sem skipuleggja heilbrigðisþjónustu og rannsaka árangur meðferðar taki tillit til mismunandi heilsutengdra lífsgæða karla og kvenna og til þeirra breytinga sem verða með aldrinum.
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