Effects of exercise training and nutrition counseling on body composition and cardiometabolic factors in old individuals

Abstract

Background: Regular physical activity (PA) and nutritional counseling can reduce weight and trunk fat accumulation and influence cardiometabolic factors. Methods: This study was an exercise training and nutritional counseling intervention, conducted in two 6-month phases. Participants were assessed at baseline and at 6 and 12 months. Participants (54 males and 63 females aged 71-90) were randomized into immediate exercise training group (Group 1) and delayed exercise training group (Group 2). At time-point 2, the groups crossed over. Results: After the exercise training-phase by Group 1, a statistically significant increase (P < 0.05) was seen in physical activity (PA), energy intake, and total lean mass. A significant decrease was seen in weight, total fat mass, trunk fat mass, waist circumference, and blood pressure. At the 6-month follow-up, Group 1 saw a significant decrease in PA, energy intake, total lean mass and blood pressure. A significant increase was seen in waist circumference and total fat mass. After the 6-month control phase by Group 2, a significant decrease was measured in PA, systolic blood pressure, total fat mass, fat mass of the trunk and waist circumference. After a delayed 6-month exercise training-phase by Group 2, a significant increase was measured in PA, and a decrease in weight, total fat mass, trunk fat mass, waist circumference, blood pressure and triglyceride. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that positive improvements in body composition and cardiometabolic factors in old people may be achieved by systematic exercise training in combination with nutrition counseling. This should be considered as an integral part of the health care system.