N-alkylation of highly quaternized chitosan derivatives affects the paracellular permeation enhancement in bronchial epithelia in vitro.
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Issue Date
2014-01
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Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. 2Biomedical Center, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland. 3Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland. 4Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, IcelandCitation
Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2014, 86 (1):55-63Abstract
This study describes the structure-activity relationship for carefully characterized N-alkyl-N-quaternary chitosan derivatives as permeation enhancers for drugs that are mainly absorbed through the paracellular pathway, such as macromolecular drugs and hydrophilic drugs, in a well defined bronchial epithelial cell line. The O-methyl free derivatives used in the study were fully trimethylated (100%) N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC) and N-propyl-(QuatPropyl), N-butyl-(QuatButyl) and N-hexyl (QuatHexyl)-N,N-dimethyl chitosan, with 85-91% degree of quaternization. The fully trimethylated TMC, from 0.25mg/ml, decreased transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) in a reversible manner and enhanced the permeation of the macromolecule FITC-dextran 4kDa (FD4) 2-5 fold. TMC did not cause any alterations in the tight junction (TJ) protein claudin-4 or in F-actin architecture. QuatHexyl was the most effective polymer to produce enhanced permeation and decreased TER from 0.016mg/ml. Nevertheless, this enhanced permeation was accompanied by reduced viability and dissociation of F-actin and claudin-4 proteins. The structure-activity relationship suggests that more lipophilic derivatives show more permeation enhancement, TJ disassembly, and less viability in the order of hexyl≈butyl>propyl>methyl and demonstrates that the permeation effect is not only mediated by permanent positive charge but also by the extent of N-alkylation. These results are relevant to elucidate the structural factors contributing to the permeation enhancement of chitosan derivatives and for potential use in pulmonary applications.Description
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.04.002Rights
Archived with thanks to European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.Vae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.04.002
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