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Má bæta notkun blóðhluta á gjörgæsludeildum? Samanburður við klínískar leiðbeiningar

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Authors
Karl Erlingur Oddason
Tómas Guðbjartsson
Sveinn Guðmundsson
Sigurbergur Kárason
Kári Hreinsson
Gísli H. Sigurðsson
Issue Date
2014-01

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Other Titles
Inappropriate use of blood components in critical care?
Citation
Læknablaðið 2014, 100 (1):11-7
Abstract
Blóðhlutagjöf er mikilvægur hluti gjörgæslumeðferðar, en þar sem aukaverkanir geta fylgt gjöf þeirra er vaxandi áhersla lögð á aðhaldssemi við gjöf blóðhluta. Þessar áherslur endurspeglast í nýlegum klínískum leiðbeiningum á Landspítala en upplýsingar um umfang blóðhlutagjafa á gjörgæsludeildum spítalans skortir og einnig hversu vel leiðbeiningum er fylgt. Tilgangur rannsóknarinnar var því að kanna notkun blóðhluta á gjörgæsludeildum Landspítala og fylgni við klínískar leiðbeiningar. Aðferðir: Rannsóknin var afturskyggn og náði til allra fullorðinna sjúklinga sem fengu blóðhluta á gjörgæsludeildum Landspítala á 6 mánaða tímabili 2010. Skráðar voru upplýsingar um blóðhluta ásamt gildi blóðrauða, próþrombíntíma og blóðflagna við blóðhlutagjöf. Niðurstöður voru bornar saman við klínískar leiðbeiningar á Landspítala. Niðurstöður: Af 598gjörgæslusjúklingum fengu 202 (34%) blóðhluta, írúmlega helmingii tilfella eftir skurðaðgerð. Flestum, eða 179 (30%), var gefið rauðkornaþykkni, 107 (18%) fengu blóðvökva, 51 (9%) blóðflögur en 34 sjúklingar (6%) fengu allar þrjár tegundirnar. Blóðrauði við rauðkornagjöf var að meðaltali 87 g/L, en í 6% tilfella mældist hann yfir 100 g/L. Próþrombíntími var að meðaltali 20,4 sekúndur við blóðvökvagjöf en í 9% tilfella var blóðvökvi gefinn þegar próþrombíntími var eðlilegur og blóðstorkugildi var ekki til staðar í 5% tilvika. Blóðflögur við blóðflögugjöf voru að meðaltali 82 þús/µL en í 34% tilfella yfir 100 þús/µL. Ályktanir: Þriðjungi sjúklinga á gjörgæsludeildum Landspítalans voru gefnir blóðhlutar, oftast rauðkornaþykkni. Um 6% rauðkornagjafa og að minnsta kosti 14% blóðvökvagjafa og þriðjungur blóðflögugjafa voru utan viðmiða núgildandi leiðbeininga. Ljóst er að fækka má óþarfa blóðhlutagjöfum á gjörgæsludeildum Landspítala enda þótt niðurstöðum svipi til erlendra rannsókna. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Due to potential risk of blood transfusions, clinical guidelines emphasize restrictive use of blood components. However, numerous studies indicate that adherence to guidelines is often less than optimal. Furthermore, information regarding use of blood transfusion in intensive care units (ICUs) and compliance to clinical guidelines is lacking. We studied the use of blood components in two adult ICUs in Iceland and the compliance to clinical guidelines. Materials and methods: All adult patients that received blood components in both ICUs at Landspitali during 6 months in 2010 were studied. Hematology and coagulation parameters as well as indications for administration were compared with hospital guidelines. Results: 202 patients (34%) received blood components, half of them after surgery. 30% received red-blood cells (RBCs), 18% fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and 9% platelets. The mean hemoglobin value before RBC transfusion was 87 g/L, but in one third of cases it exceeded 90 g/L. FFP was transfused at a normal prothrombin time in 9% of cases. No coagulation parameters were available before transfusion of 5% of FFP. Mean platelet count before transfusion of platelets was 82 x109/L and in 34% of cases it exceeded 100 x109/L. Conclusion: One third of patients received blood components during their ICU stay, most commonly RBCs. At least 6% of RBCs, 14% of FFPs and 33% of platelets were not transfused according to recent guidelines at Landspítali. Although our results are in line with findings of other studies it appears that the use of blood components in Icelandic ICUs can be improved.
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Efst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn
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http://www.laeknabladid.is/media/tolublod/1621/PDF/f01.pdf
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