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Healthy Nordic diet downregulates the expression of genes involved in inflammation in subcutaneous adipose tissue in individuals with features of the metabolic syndrome.

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Authors
Kolehmainen, Marjukka
Ulven, Stine M
Paananen, Jussi
de Mello, Vanessa
Schwab, Ursula
Carlberg, Carsten
Myhrstad, Mari
Pihlajamäki, Jussi
Dungner, Elisabeth
Sjölin, Eva
Gunnarsdottir, Ingibjörg
Cloetens, Lieselotte
Landin-Olsson, Mona
Akesson, Björn
Rosqvist, Fredrik
Hukkanen, Janne
Herzig, Karl-Heinz
Dragsted, Lars O
Savolainen, Markku J
Brader, Lea
Hermansen, Kjeld
Risérus, Ulf
Thorsdottir, Inga
Poutanen, Kaisa S
Uusitupa, Matti
Arner, Peter
Dahlman, Ingrid
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Issue Date
2015-01

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Citation
Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2015, 101 (1):228-39
Abstract
Previously, a healthy Nordic diet (ND) has been shown to have beneficial health effects close to those of Mediterranean diets.
The objective was to explore whether the ND has an impact on gene expression in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and whether changes in gene expression are associated with clinical and biochemical effects.
Obese adults with features of the metabolic syndrome underwent an 18- to 24-wk randomized intervention study comparing the ND with the control diet (CD) (the SYSDIET study, carried out within Nordic Centre of Excellence of the Systems Biology in Controlled Dietary Interventions and Cohort Studies). The present study included participants from 3 Nordic SYSDIET centers [Kuopio (n = 20), Lund (n = 18), and Oulu (n = 18)] with a maximum weight change of ±4 kg, highly sensitive C-reactive protein concentration <10 mg/L at the beginning and the end of the intervention, and baseline body mass index (in kg/m(2)) <38. SAT biopsy specimens were obtained before and after the intervention and subjected to global transcriptome analysis with Gene 1.1 ST Arrays (Affymetrix).
Altogether, 128 genes were differentially expressed in SAT between the ND and CD (nominal P < 0.01; false discovery rate, 25%). These genes were overrepresented in pathways related to immune response (adjusted P = 0.0076), resulting mainly from slightly decreased expression in the ND and increased expression in the CD. Immune-related pathways included leukocyte trafficking and macrophage recruitment (e.g., interferon regulatory factor 1, CD97), adaptive immune response (interleukin32, interleukin 6 receptor), and reactive oxygen species (neutrophil cytosolic factor 1). Interestingly, the regulatory region of the 128 genes was overrepresented for binding sites for the nuclear transcription factor κB.
A healthy Nordic diet reduces inflammatory gene expression in SAT compared with a control diet independently of body weight change in individuals with features of the metabolic syndrome. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00992641.
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Additional Links
http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.114.092783
http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/101/1/228.full.pdf
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Archived with thanks to The American journal of clinical nutrition
ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.3945/ajcn.114.092783
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