Gene × Environment interactions in autism spectrum disorders: role of epigenetic mechanisms.
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Authors
Tordjman, SylvieSomogyi, Eszter
Coulon, Nathalie
Kermarrec, Solenn
Cohen, David
Bronsard, Guillaume
Bonnot, Olivier
Weismann-Arcache, Catherine
Botbol, Michel
Lauth, Bertrand
Ginchat, Vincent
Roubertoux, Pierre
Barburoth, Marianne
Kovess, Viviane
Geoffray, Marie-Maude
Xavier, Jean
Issue Date
2014
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Front Psychiatry. 2014, 5:1-17Abstract
Several studies support currently the hypothesis that autism etiology is based on a polygenic and epistatic model. However, despite advances in epidemiological, molecular and clinical genetics, the genetic risk factors remain difficult to identify, with the exception of a few chromosomal disorders and several single gene disorders associated with an increased risk for autism. Furthermore, several studies suggest a role of environmental factors in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). First, arguments for a genetic contribution to autism, based on updated family and twin studies, are examined. Second, a review of possible prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal environmental risk factors for ASD are presented. Then, the hypotheses are discussed concerning the underlying mechanisms related to a role of environmental factors in the development of ASD in association with genetic factors. In particular, epigenetics as a candidate biological mechanism for gene × environment interactions is considered and the possible role of epigenetic mechanisms reported in genetic disorders associated with ASD is discussed. Furthermore, the example of in utero exposure to valproate provides a good illustration of epigenetic mechanisms involved in ASD and innovative therapeutic strategies. Epigenetic remodeling by environmental factors opens new perspectives for a better understanding, prevention, and early therapeutic intervention of ASD.Description
To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked Files. This article is open access.Additional Links
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00053http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4120683/
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openAccessae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00053
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