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Áhrif búsetu og menntunar á mataræði og líkamsþyngdarstuðul kvenna og karla

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Authors
Hrafnhildur Guðjónsdóttir,
Þórhallur I. Halldórsson,
Ingibjörg Gunnarsdóttir
Inga Þórsdóttir
Hólmfríður Þorgeirsdóttir,
Laufey Steingrímsdóttir
Issue Date
2015-01

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Urban - rural differences in diet, BMI and education of men and women in Iceland
Citation
Læknablaðið 2015, 101 (1):11-16
Abstract
Niðurstöður fyrri rannsókna benda til þess að offita sé algengari meðal kvenna utan höfuðborgarsvæðis en innan, en engar sambærilegar upplýsingar eru til fyrir karla. Tilgangur þessarar rannsóknar var að kanna holdafar og mataræði íslenskra kvenna og karla eftir búsetu. Efniviður og aðferðir: Þátttakendur voru 1312 konur og karlar, 18-80 ára, valin með slembiúrtaki úr þjóðskrá, heildarsvörun 68,6%. Mataræði var kannað árin 2010 til 2011 með tvítekinni sólarhringsupprifjun og jafnframt var spurt um hæð og þyngd, auk bakgrunnsspurninga. Reiknað var líkindahlutfall (OR) þess að vera yfir kjörþyngd (líkamsþyngdarstuðull ≥25 kg/m2) út frá búsetu og menntun. Niðurstöður: Konur ≥46 ára innan höfuðborgarsvæðis voru með lægri líkamsþyngdarstuðul en konur utan höfuðborgarsvæðis (25,7 kg/m2 á móti 28,4 kg/m2p=0,007) og líkindahlutfall fyrir líkamsþyngdarstuðul ≥25 kg/m2var lægra samanborið við konur í sama aldurshópi utan höfuðborgarsvæðis, OR=0,64 (95% öryggisbil 0,41;1,0). Enginn munur var meðal karla eða yngri kvenna. Fæði fólks utan höfuðborgarsvæðis var fituríkara og hlutfall mettaðra fitusýra og transfitusýra var hærra en innan svæðis. Hlutfall mettaðra fitusýra í fæði var 15,7E% á móti 13,9E%, p<0,001 og transfitusýra 0,9E% á móti 0,7E%, p<0,001 meðal karla, sem rekja má að stórum hluta til meiri neyslu á feitum mjólkurvörum, kjöti, kexi og kökum meðal karla utan höfuðborgarsvæðisins miðað við innan. Meiri neysla á kexi, kökum, kjöti og farsvörum meðal kvenna utan höfuðborgarsvæðisins endurspeglaðist einnig í hærra hlutfalli mettaðra fitusýra, 14,8E% á móti 14,0E%, p=0,007 og transfitusýra 0,8E% á móti 0,7E%, p=0,001 borið saman við konur innan svæðis. Ályktun: Tengsl líkamsþyngdarstuðuls við búsetu eru minni en í fyrri rannsóknum. Ofþyngd (líkamsþyngdarstuðull ≥25) meðal íslenskra karla virðist óháð búsetu. Fæði fólks innan höfuðborgarsvæðis er nær ráðleggingum um mataræði en utan höfuðborgarsvæðis.
Introduction: Previous Icelandic studies have reported higher prevalence of obesity among women residing outside the capital area but no comparable information is available for men. The aim of this study was to assess diet and body mass index (BMI) of adult men and women residing within and outside the capital area. Material and methods: Participants were 1312 men and women,18-80 years, from a random sample of the national registry, response rate 68.6%. Diet was assessed during years 2010 to 2011 using repeated 24-hour recall, weight and height self-reported. OR of BMI ≥25 kg/m2 was calculated according to residence and education. Results:Women ≥46 years within the capital area had lower BMI, or 25.7 kg/m2 vs 28.4 kg/m2p=0.007, and were less likely to have BMI ≥25 kg/m2, OR=0.64; CI 0.41-1.0 than those outside the area. No difference was found between the areas among men or younger women. Diets outside the capital had higher percentage of total fat compared than inside the capital. Saturated fatty acid (SFA) were 15.7E% vs 13.9E% for men, p<0.001 and 14.8E% vs 14.0E%, p=0.007 for women and trans fatty acids (TFA) were 0.9E% vs 0.7E% p<0.001 and 0.8E% vs 0.7E% p=0.001 for men and women respectively. Conclusions: Women‘s BMI is less associated with residence than in former Icelandic studies. Men‘s BMI is not associated with residence. Diets within the capital area are closer to recommended intake compared with diets outside the area.
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Efst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn
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