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Algengi og margbreytileiki andlegs ofbeldis og reynsla af vanrækslu í æsku á Íslandi

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Authors
Jónína Einarsdóttir
Geir Gunnlaugsson
Issue Date
2015-03

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Other Titles
Prevalence and diversity of emotional abuse and neglect in childhood in Iceland.
Citation
Læknablaðið 101 (3):145-150
Abstract
Inngangur: Uppeldisaðferðir foreldra sem fela í sér ofbeldi geta haft skaðleg áhrif á heilaþroska barna og heilsu þeirra og hegðun til lengri eða skemmri tíma. Umfang og margbreytileiki ofbeldisins er mikilvægur áhrifaþáttur og vanræksla er ein alvarlegasta birtingarmynd þess. Markmið rannsóknarinnar er að skoða algengi og umfang andlegs ofbeldis og vanrækslu sem fullorðnir Íslendingar segja að þeir hafi reynslu af í æsku og hvernig hún hefði áhrif á mat þeirra á uppeldi sínu. Efniviður og aðferðir: Slembiúrtak einstaklinga 18 ára og eldri úr Þjóðskrá Íslands. Viðmælendur voru beðnir um að meta uppeldi sitt og svara spurningum um reynslu af 8 mismunandi formum andlegs ofbeldis og reynslu af vanrækslu í æsku. Niðurstöður: Af 966 viðmælendum svöruðu 663 (69%) að þeir hefðu reynslu af einu eða fleiri af 8 formum andlegs ofbeldis. Þeir sem voru yngri en 30 ára voru 2,9 sinnum líklegri til að segja frá slíkri reynslu borið saman við þá sem voru eldri (95% CI 1,9-4,3). Meiri líkur voru á því að viðkomandi teldi uppeldi sitt slæmt eða ásættanlegt borið saman við gott eftir því sem svör um reynslu af andlegu ofbeldi voru fjölbreyttari (p<0,0001) og umfangsmeiri (p<0,0001). Samtals 105 (11%) töldu sig hafa verið van-ræktir í æsku. Marktækt fleiri karlar en konur höfðu reynslu af andlegu ofbeldi (p=0,0020) en konur af vanrækslu (p=0,0440). Ályktun: Rúmlega 2/3 af fullorðnum Íslendingum segja frá reynslu af einu eða fleiri af 8 formum andlegs ofbeldis í æsku og rúmlega 1/10 af vanrækslu. Uppeldisaðferðum má breyta, meðal annars með fræðslu, félagslegum stuðningi og lagasetningu.
Introduction: Parenting styles that include abuse can harm the development of the child's brain with a long or short-term impact on his/her health and behaviour. The scope and diversity of abuse are important determinants, and neglect is one of its most serious manifestations. The aim of the study is to examine the prevalence and diversity of emotional abuse and neglect reported by adult Icelanders in their childhood, and how such experience had influenced their evaluation of their upbringing. Materials and methods: Icelanders 18 years and older were randomly selected from the national population register. They were invited to express their perception of their upbringing, and answer questions regarding their experience of 8 specific forms of emotional abuse in childhood, and neglect. Results: Of 966 interviewees, 663 (69%) had experienced one or more of the 8 forms of emotional abuse. Those younger than 30 years were 2.9 times more likely to have such an experience compared to those who were older (95% CI 1.9 to 4.3). The perception of upbringing as bad or acceptable compared to good was significantly related to the number of forms of emotional abuse applied (p <0.0001) and the scope of its application (p<0.0001). In total 105 (11%) considered that they had experienced neglect in childhood. Significantly more men than women had experienced emotional abuse (p= 0.0020), whereas women reported neglect (p=0.0440). Conclusion: More than 2/3 of adult Icelanders report experience of one or more out of 8 different forms of emotional abuse and 1/10 report neglect. Parenting styles can be changed, e.g. with education, social support, and legislation.
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