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D-vítamínbúskapur fullorðinna Íslendinga

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Authors
Örvar Gunnarsson
Ólafur Skúli Indriðason
Leifur Franzson
Edda Halldórsdóttir
Gunnar Sigurðsson
Issue Date
2004-01-01

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Vitamin-D homeostasis amongst adult Icelandic population
Citation
Læknablaðið 2004, 90(1):29-36
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of vitamin D intake and production in skin on vitamin D homeostasis in adult Icelanders. Methods: Participants were 30-85 years old, randomly selected from the registry of the Reykjavik area (64 degrees N) and answered a thorough questionnaire on diet and vitamin supplements. Concentrations of 25(OH)-vitamin D [25(OH)D] in peripheral blood were examined based on season during the study period February 2001-January 2003, vitamin D intake and age (age groups 30-45, 50-65, and 70-85 years old). We defined vitamin D deficiency as either [25(OH)D] <25 nmol/l or as [25(OH)D] where the inverse relationship between serum iPTH and [25(OH)D] became statistically significant. Results: Of 2310 invited, 1630 subjects participated (70,6% participation) but 21 individuals were excluded due to primary hyperparathyroidism. Mean [25(OH)D] was 46.5-/+20 nmol/l but varied by season, age and vitamin D intake, highest in June-July, 52.1-/+19.8 and lowest in February-March, 42.0-/+20.5 (p<0.001). [25(OH)D] was highest in the oldest age group, 50.8-/+19.7, but lowest in the youngest, 42.5-/+20 as was the intake 16.6-/+10 microg/day compared to 9.9-/+9 microg/day in the youngest. The correlation between vitamin D intake and [25(OH)D] was highest for the oldest group, r=0.41, p<0.001 but lowest in the youngest, r=0.24, p<0.001. [25(OH)D] was significantly higher among users of vitamin supplements (45.4-/+19.7) or fish oil (53.0-/+18.4) than among non-users (38.0-/+18.9). Vitamin D insufficiency was seen among 14.5% of those participating according to traditional definition, but 50% were below [25(OH)D] of 45 nmol/l where negative correlation between [25(OH)D] and PTH became statistically significant. Conclusions: The serum concentration of 25(OH)D at which vitamin D deficiency becomes biochemically significant is higher than traditionally thought. A daily intake of 15-20 microg/day during wintertime would be required to maintain normal homeostasis in Icelandic adults, which is considerably higher than present recommendations of 7-10 microg/day for adults. Further research is needed to define the limit for vitamin-D sufficiency.
Inngangur: Tilgangur þessarar rannsóknar var að kanna D-vítamínbúskap Íslendinga með tilliti til fæðuinntöku og framleiðslu í húð. Rannsóknarhópur og aðferðir: Þátttakendur á aldrinum 30-85 ára voru af höfuðborgarsvæðinu og svöruðu spurningalista um mataræði, bætiefna- og lyfjanotkun. Af 2310 manna úrtaki komu alls 1630 til rannsóknarinnar (70,6% þátttaka) sem stóð frá febrúar 2001 til janúar 2003. Kannaður var styrkur 25(OH)D í sermi eftir D-vítamínneyslu, árstíma og aldursflokkum (30-45 ára, 50-65 ára og 70-85 ára). D-vítamínskortur var skilgreindur á tvo vegu: <25 nmól/l (hefðbundið) og sem sá styrkur 25(OH)D í sermi þar sem neikvætt samband 25(OH)D og kalkvakaóhóf (primary hyperparathyroidism) PTH í sermi varð tölfræðilega marktækt. Niðurstöður: Meðalstyrkur 25(OH)D var 46,5±20 nmól/l án marktæks kynjamunar, mismunandi eftir árstíma, aldri og D-vítamíninntöku með hámarki í júní-júlí, 52,1±19,8 en lágmarki í febrúar-mars, 42,0 ±20,5 (p<0,001). Meðalstyrkur 25(OH)D var mestur í elsta aldurshópnum 50,8±19,7 en minnstur í þeim yngsta 42,5±20 eins og D-vítamíninntakan 16,6±10,4 samanborið við 9,9±9,1 mg/dag. Fylgni milli D-vítamíninntöku og styrks 25(OH)D var mest í elsta aldurshópnum, r=0,41, p<0,001 en minnst í þeim yngsta, r=0,24, p<0,001. Meðalstyrkur 25(OH)D mældist 38,0±18,9 hjá þeim sem tóku ekki bætiefni, 45,4±19,7 hjá þeim sem tóku bætiefni og 53±18,4 hjá þeim sem tóku lýsi (p<0,001). Ályktun: Styrkur 25(OH)D í sermi fullorðinna Íslendinga er breytilegur eftir inntöku D-vítamíns, árstíma og aldri. Tæplega 15% greinast með ónógt D-vítamín samkvæmt hefðbundnum viðmiðunum en rúmlega þrefalt fleiri ef styrkur 25(OH)D í sermi, þar sem neikvæð fylgni við kalkkirtilshormón í sermi verður marktæk (45 nmól/l), er notuð sem viðmið sem samsvarar inntöku 15-20 mg/dag af D-vítamíni yfir vetrartímann. Ráðlagður dagskammtur er nú 7-10 mg/dag. Frekari rannsókna er þörf til að endurmeta skilgreiningu á D-vítamínskorti.
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