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Samband líkamlegrar þjálfunar við þyngdarstuðul, fitumassa og gripstyrk í íslensku þýði

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Authors
Sigríður Lára Guðmundsdóttir
Díana Óskarsdóttir
Leifur Franzson
Ólafur Skúli Indriðason
Gunnar Sigurðsson
Issue Date
2004-06-01

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Other Titles
The relationship between physical activity, body mass index, body composition and grip strength in an Icelandic population
Citation
Læknablaðið 2004, 90(6):479-86
Abstract
Objective: To study physical activity among Icelandic adults and the relationship with anthropometric factors and grip strength. Material and methods: Randomly selected participants, 30-85 years of age, answered questions regarding exercise and diet. Body composition was measured with DXA, which detects the proportions of different body tissues. Height, weight and grip strength were measured and the body mass index (kg/m2) was calculated. The prevalence of regular physical activity was studied for men and women in the age groups of 30-45 years, 50-65 years and 70-85 years and the relationship to body mass index, body composition and grip strength examined. The possible preventive effect of exercise on overweight and obesity was also studied. Results: Of 2310 invited, 1630 subjects (70.6%) participated. Mean participation in regular physical activity was 3-4 times a week but 19% of the women and 24% of the men did no exercise at all. In general, swimming, walking and calisthenics of various types and intensities were the most common forms of exercise and in the age group 30-45 year old 16% of the women and 8% of the men did strength training. 50.4% of women 30-45 years of age and 68.2% of 50-65 year old men were overweight or obese. Mean fat mass was highest in 70-85 year old women (38%) and men (27%). Occupational activity was not related to body mass index, body composition or grip strength. Significant negative relationship was found between frequency of exercise and fat mass. The relationship between grip strength and lean mass or exercise was non-significant. The odds ratio of being overweight or obesity was 0.5 (CI was 0.37-0.77 for women and 0.37-0.94 for men) for those who exercised five or more days per week compared to those who exercised less frequently. Conclusion: One of four Icelandic men and one of five women do not participate in regular physical activity despite of strong scientific indications of various positive health effects of exercise. More than half of adult Icelanders are overweight or obese but the risk is halved among those who exercise at least five days per week, compared to those who exercise less frequently. Sedentary lifestyle is more common amongst Icelanders than in the neighboring countries and realistic goals need to be set to increase the participation in regular physical activity.
Tilgangur: Að kanna hversu mikla og hvers konar líkamlega þjálfun fullorðnir Íslendingar stunda og samband þessa við holdafar og gripstyrk. Efniviður og aðferðir: Upphaflegt úrtak var 2310 manns af höfuðborgarsvæðinu, þar af mættu 1630 (70,6%) til rannsóknarinnar á tímabilinu frá febrúar 2001 til janúar 2003 og svöruðu spurningalista um hreyf­ingu og mataræði. Líkamssamsetning var mæld með DXA sem greinir hlutfallslegt magn líkamsvefja. Hæð, þyngd og gripstyrkur voru mæld og þyngdarstuðullinn (kg/m2) reiknaður. Ástundun líkamlegrar þjálfunar og áreynslu í vinnu voru könnuð hjá konum og körlum í aldurshópunum 30-45 ára, 50-65 ára og 70-85 ára og samhengi þeirra við þyngdarstuðul, fitu- og vöðvamassa og gripstyrk skoðað að teknu tilliti til truflandi þátta. Könnuð voru möguleg fyrirbyggjandi áhrif þjálfunar á offitu samkvæmt skilgreiningum Alþjóðaheilbrigðismálastofnunarinnar (BMI -30, Body Mass Index, líkamsþyngdarstuðull). Niðurstöður: Meðaltalsástundun þjálfunar var 3-4 skipti á viku en 19% kvenna og 24% karla stunduðu enga þjálfun. Sund, ganga og leikfimi voru almennt algengasta þjálfunin en í hópi 30-45 ára stunduðu 16% kvenna og 8% karla styrktarþjálfun. Hlutfall þeirra sem töldust of þungir/feitir var frá 50,4% (yngstu konurnar) til 68,2% (miðaldra karlar). Meðal­talshlutfall fitu af líkamsmassa var hæst hjá 70-85 ára konum (38%) og körlum (27%). Áreynsla í vinnu var ekki tengd holdafari eða gripstyrk. Marktæk neikvæð fylgni kom fram milli ástundunar þjálfunar og fituhlutfalls að teknu tilliti til aldurs og orkuneyslu. Ekki fannst marktæk fylgni milli gripstyrks og vöðvahlutfalls eða þjálfunar. Hlutfallslíkur á ofþyngd/offitu voru helmingi minni fyrir konur og karla sem stunduðu þjálfun fimm daga vikunnar eða oftar miðað við enga þjálfun. Ályktanir: Fjórði hver karlmaður og fimmta hver kona stunda enga reglulega líkamsþjálfun þrátt fyrir sterkar fræðilegar vísbendingar um margvísleg já­kvæð áhrif hreyfingar á heilsufar. Meira en helmingur fullorðinna íbúa höfuðborgarsvæðisins er of þungur eða feitur. Fleiri Íslendingar lifa kyrrsetulífi en flestar grannþjóðir okkar og setja þarf fram raunhæf markmið til þess að auka almenna ástundun þjálfunar meðal þjóðarinnar.
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