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Algengi og dreifing notkunar geðdeyfðar-, kvíða- og svefnlyfja

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Authors
Tómas Helgason
Kristinn Tómasson
Tómas Zoega
Issue Date
2003-01-01

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Other Titles
Prevalence and distribution of antidepressant, anxiolytic and hypnotic use in 2001
Citation
Læknablaðið 2003, 89(1):15-22
Abstract
Objective: To study the prevalence of the use of antidepressant, anxiolytic and hypnotic drugs, the distribution of the use according to clinical and demographic factors and to compare it with the prevalence according to official sales figures. Material and methods: Data was collected in a survey by the Alcohol and Drug Prevention Committee. Four thousand individuals were selected at random from the population aged 18-75 years. Pharmaceutical use was studied according to sex, age, length of use, well-being, medical consultations, smoking, alcohol problems, education, marital status, income, occupation, and work pressure. Data on sales was supplied by the Ministry of Health and Social Security, Office of Pharmaceutical Affairs. Results: The response rate was 63.6%. Almost 20% had used some of these drugs during the preceeding 12 months, slightly more women than men. There was neither significant difference in the one year prevalence of use of antidepressants and hypnotics according to sex nor according to age for antidepressants and anxiolytics. One half of the youngest age group used antidepressants for less than three months. Use of hypnotics increased by age. Estimated use of antidepressants and hypnotics is 54% and 61%, respectively, of sales figures. There was no significant difference in the relative risk of drug use for men and women seeking medical consultations. Odds ratios were higher for smokers, especially for the use of antidepressants. People with the little education and low income was most likely to have used antidepressants and anxiolytics. Conclusions: Use of these drugs is common, but not as extensive as sales figures suggest. Sex difference is smaller than in previous studies. Prevalence of use, especially longterm, increases with age. As expected the use is most common among the socio-economically disadvantaged.
Markmið: Tilgangur rannsóknarinnar var að afla vitneskju um algengi notkunar geðdeyfðar-, kvíða- og svefnlyfja, tengsl notkunarinnar við klíníska og lýðfræðilega þætti og bera niðurstöðurnar saman við opinberar sölutölur. Efniviður og aðferðir: Gögn voru fengin úr Gallup-könnun Áfengis- og vímuvarnaráðs í nóvember 2001 hjá 4000 manna slembiúrtaki á aldrinum 18-75 ára. Athuguð voru áhrif kyns, aldurs, lengd notkunar, líðanar, læknisleitar, reykinga, áfengisvandamála, menntunar, hjúskaparstéttar, tekna, starfs og vinnuálags. Upplýsingar um lyfjasöluna komu frá skrifstofu lyfjamála í heilbrigðis- og tryggingamálaráðuneyti. Niðurstöður: Svarhlutfall var 63,6%. Tæp 20% höfðu notað einhver lyfjanna á undanförnum 12 mánuðum, heldur fleiri konur en karlar. Ekki var marktækur munur milli kynja á ársalgengi notkunar geðdeyfðar- og svefnlyfja og ekki milli aldursflokka fyrir notkun geðdeyfðar- og kvíðalyfja. Helmingur yngstu notendanna notaði geðdeyfðarlyf í minna en þrjá mánuði. Svefnlyfjanotkun jókst með hækkandi aldri. Áætluð notkun geðdeyfðar- og svefnlyfja svarar til 54% og 61% af sölutölum. Ekki var marktækur munur á áhættuhlutfalli karla og kvenna sem leituðu læknis. Líkindahlutfall reykingafólks var hækkað fyrir öll lyfin, einkum geðdeyfðarlyf. Líkindahlutfallið var hæst fyrir öryrkja og ellilífeyrisþega. Þeir sem hafa minnsta menntun og lægstar tekjur voru líklegastir til að hafa notað geðdeyfðar- eða kvíðalyf. Ályktanir: Notkun lyfjanna er útbreidd, en þó ekki eins mikil og sölutölur benda til. Munur milli kynja er minni en áður hefur fundist. Notkun, einkum langtíma, tengist hækkandi aldri. Notkunin er eins og vænta mátti mest meðal þeirra sem verst eru settir í fjárhags- og félagslegu tilliti. is
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