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Fósturskaði af völdum áfengis : yfirlitsgrein

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Authors
Sólveig Jónsdóttir
Issue Date
1999-02-01

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Other Titles
Fetal alcohol syndrome and alcohol-related neuro-developmental disorder. A review
Citation
Læknablaðið 1999, 85(2):130-131, 134-140, 142-144
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure can have devastating consequences for the unborn child. The physical malformations and growth retardation characteristic of the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) only represent the tip of the teratological iceberg. The functional impairments that are not obvious to the eye have the most detrimental consequences for the individual. The cognitive and behavioral problems seen in alcoholexposed children are caused by alterations in brain function and/or structure. The extent of damage to the brain is time and dose related. Fetal alcohol syndrome and alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND) have been estimated to affect as many as 9.1 children per 1,000 according to a prospective study in Seattle, USA. Long-term outcome reveals an excess of social and mental problems. The incidence of FAS and ARND in Icelandic children is unknown. Various research outcomes and implications for therapy are discussed.
Áfengisneysla á meðgöngu getur haft afdrifaríkar afleiðingar fyrir hið ófædda barn. Líkamleg vansköpun og vaxtarskerðing, sem einkenna heilkenni fósturskaða af völdum áfengis (fetal alcohol syndrome, FAS), er aðeins toppurinn á fósturskaðaísjakanum. Hinn starfræni skaði, sem ekki sést með berum augum, er sá sem hefur alvarlegastar afleiðingar til lengri tíma litið, en ekki útlitseinkennin sem slík. Vitsmunaskerðing og hegðunarvandamál, sem koma fram hjá áfengissköðuðum börnum, stafa af breytingum sem verða á starfsemi heilans og/eða byggingu hans. Það fer eftir alkóhólmagni, sem neytt er á meðgöngu og því á hvaða tíma meðgöngunnar neyslan er, hve miklum skaða heilinn verður fyrir. Heilkenni fósturskaða af völdum áfengis ásamt með áfengistengdri röskun á taugaþroska (alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder, ARND) kann að vera fyrir hendi hjá allt að 9,1 barni af hverjum 1000, samkvæmt framskyggnri rannsókn frá Seattle í Bandaríkjunum. Langtímarannsóknir sýna hátt hlutfall andlegra og félagslegra vandamála hjá þessum börnum. Ekki er vitað um tíðni fósturskaða af völdum áfengis á íslandi. Fjallað er um ýmsar rannsóknarniðurstöður og hugsanlegar ábendingar fyrir meðferð.
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Icelandic Journal Articles (Peer Reviewed)

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