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Umfang og einkenni örorku á Íslandi árið 1996

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Authors
Sigurður Thorlacius
Sigurjón Stefánsson
Stefán Ólafsson
Issue Date
1998-09-01

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Other Titles
Disability in Iceland 1996: size and characteristics
Citation
Læknablaðið 1998, 84(9):629-35
Abstract
Objective: To determine the size and main medical and social characteristics of the group of individuals receiving disability benefits in Iceland and compare those with figures from the other Nordic countries. Material and methods: The study includes all those receiving disability benefits on the 1st of December 1996 as ascertained by the disability register at the State Social Security Institute of Iceland. Results: On the prevalence day 8714 individuals were receiving disability benefits. Of those there were 7315 individuals who had disability assessed as being more than 75% (4.2% of the total population between 16 and 66 years of age); women: 4286 (58.6%), men: 3029 (41.4%). Disability was assessed as being 50% or 65% for 1399 individuals (0.7% of the total population between 16 and 66 years of age); women: 914 (65.3%), men: 485 (34.7%). Of those receiving disability benefits there is thus a significant excess of women (p<0.0001). Individuals with >75% disability are in excess in the capital region as compared with other areas (p<0.001 for men, p=0.03 for women). When different age groups within the population are compared there is a steady increase with age of the ratio of individuals with >75% disability. Disability is most commonly associated with mental disorders or diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Conclusion: The percentage of the total population receiving disability benefits in Iceland, is similar to that in Denmark but considerably lower than in Finland, Norway and Sweden. When different age groups are compared it emerges that there are more individuals below 30 years of age receiving disability benefits in Iceland than in the other Nordic countries. In the older age groups this ratio is reversed and gets more marked with increasing age. The following main explanations for this difference are suggested: the level of allowance and organization of the social security system is different in Iceland compared with the other Nordic countries; the Icelandic unemployment level is lower and work participation higher, especially in the upper age groups in Iceland.
Tilgangur: Að kanna umfang og einkenni örorku á Íslandi og gera samanburð við hin Norðurlöndin. Efniviður og aðferðir: Unnar voru upplýsingar um örorkumat, búsetu, aldur og fyrstu (helstu) sjúkdómsgreiningu öryrkja úr örorkuskrá Tryggingastofnunar ríkisins, eins og hún var 1. desember 1996. Niðurstöður: Á þessum tíma áttu 8714 einstaklingar búsettir á íslandi í gildi örorkumat samkvæmt lífeyristryggingum almannatrygginga. Metin hafði verið yfir 75% örorka í 7315 tilvikum, hjá 4286 konum (58,6%) og 3029 körlum (41,4%). Metin hafði verið 50% eða 65% örorka hjá 1399 einstaklingum (0,7% Íslendinga á aldrinum 16-66 ára), 914 konum (65,3%) og 485 körlum (34,7%). Örorka var marktækt algengari hjá konum en körlum (p<0,0001X Metin hafði verið yfir 75% örorka hjá 4,2% íslendinga á aldrinum 16-66 ára. Fjöldi örorkulífeyrisþega (yfir 75% örorka) sem hlutfall af hverjum aldurshópi þjóðarinnar hækkaði jafnt og þétt með aldrinum. Yfir 75% örorka var marktækt algengari á höfuðborgarsvæðinu en utan þess (p<0,0001 fyrir karla, p=0,03 fyrir konur). Algengustu fyrstu sjúkdómsgreiningar hjá örorkulífeyrisþegum voru geðræn vandamál og stoðkerfisvandamál (alls um helmingur tilvika). Ályktun: Fjöldi örorkulífeyrisþega sem hundraðshlutfall af íbúum landsins var svipaður á Íslandi og í Danmörku, en mun lægri en í Finnlandi, Noregi og Svíþjóð. Hlutfallslega fleiri öryrkjar reyndust innan við þrítugt á Íslandi en á hinum Norðurlöndunum, en hjá þeim sem voru eldri var þessu öfugt farið og jókst munurinn með aldrinum. Þetta gæti að minnsta kosti að hluta skýrst af tiltölulega lágum bótagreiðslum og ólíku skipulagi almannatryggingakerfisins á Íslandi miðað við hin Norðurlöndin, minna atvinnuleysi og meiri atvinnuþátttöku, einkum meðal fólks í efri aldurshópum á Íslandi og mismunandi heilsufari, til dæmis vegna mismunandi atvinnuskilyrða.
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