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Reynsla aldraðra, sem búsettir eru á eigin heimili, af heilbrigði og af því hvað viðheldur og eflir heilsu á efri árum

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Authors
Guðrún Elín Benónýsdóttir
Sólveig Ása Árnadóttir
Sigríður Halldórsdóttir
Issue Date
2009-02-01

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Other Titles
Experience of health and health promotion among older community living people
Citation
Tímarit hjúkrunarfræðinga 2009, 85(1):48-55
Abstract
Background. Nurses and other health professionals need to know which factors can affect older people’s health as that can make analysis of their needs easier. Goal-directed work aimed at improving the health of older people requires an appreciation of their own perception of health and factors influencing health. Objective. The main objective of this study was to answer the research question: “How do older, community living people experience health and health maintaining and health promoting factors in old age?” Method. The methodology chosen for the study was the Vancouver-school of doing phenomenology and the results were constructed from 16 interviews with ten participants, five women and five men. Their age ranged from 69 to 87 years. The participants were community living and lived in urban as well as rural areas. Results. The findings describe the participants’ perception of health and their experience of factors that positively and negatively influenced their health and health promotion. The participants took responsibility for their own health and it was important to them to find purpose and joy in life. They emphasized maintaining their proficiency, both mentally and physically. It was important for them to be active in society and find fitting company. Finally, it was important for them to have a role, to contribute in a positive way and to keep their sense of dignity intact. Conclusions. Older community living people experience both positive and negative factors which influence their health. They should be given the opportunity to be responsible for their health. An instrument can be developed based on the data for use in health promoting visits to the elderly, when preparing discharge from hospitals and when older people visit primary health care. Thus individual strengths and challenges could be identified. If older clients would evaluate themselves using the instrument, a basis for dialogue is created and thus increased insight into their context realised
Forsendur. Til að hægt sé að vinna að markvissri heilbrigðisþjónustu fyrir aldraða er mikilvægt að skilja reynslu þeirra af heilbrigði og jákvæðum og neikvæðum áhrifaþáttum heilbrigðis. Þá er mikilvægt fyrir hjúkrunarfræðinga og annað heilbrigðisstarfsfólk að þekkja hvernig aldraðir í heimahúsum viðhalda heilsu sinni og efla hana. Tilgangur. Að leita svara við rannsóknarspurningunni: „Hver er reynsla aldraðra, sem búsettir eru á eigin heimili, af heilbrigði og af því hvað viðheldur og eflir heilsu á efri árum?“ Aðferð. Vancouver-skólinn í fyrirbærafræði var notaður til að taka og vinna úr 16 viðtölum við tíu einstaklinga á aldrinum 69 til 87 ára, fimm konur og fimm karla. Þátttakendur voru búsettir á eigin heimili ýmist í þéttbýli eða dreifbýli. Niðurstöður. Þátttakendur lýstu reynslu sinni af heilbrigði og af þáttum sem hafa jákvæð eða neikvæð áhrif á heilsu þeirra og heilsueflingu. Fram kom hvernig þeir tóku ábyrgð á eigin heilsu og hvernig meðvitund um mikilvægi heilbrigðis jókst með aldrinum. Þeim var mikilvægt að finna tilgang og gleði í lífinu, viðhalda andlegri og líkamlegri færni sinni ásamt því að vera virkir í samfélaginu og halda reisn sinni. Ályktanir og notagildi. Aldraðir einstaklingar upplifa jákvæða og neikvæða þætti sem hafa áhrif á heilsuna og gæta þarf þess að gefa þeim tækifæri til að taka ábyrgð á eigin heilsu. Hægt er að þróa matskvarða sem byggist á þeim áhrifaþáttum heilbrigðis sem fram komu í rannsókninni. Kvarðinn getur nýst hjúkrunarfræðingum í heilsueflandi heimsóknum, við undirbúning útskriftar af sjúkrahúsi og í heilsugæslu. Þannig væri hægt að átta sig á styrk einstaklinganna og erfiðleikum sem þeir standa frammi fyrir. Ef einstaklingarnir merkja sjálfir inn á kvarðann getur skapast umræðugrundvöllur sem byði upp á bætta innsýn í aðstæður þeirra.
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