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Að skapa minningar: minni, athygli og áreiðanleiki vitnisburðar

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Authors
Árni Kristjánsson
Issue Date
2014

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Other Titles
Creating memories: Memory, attention and the reliability of eyewitness testimony
Citation
Sálfræðiritið 2014, 19: 21-39
Abstract
Að ýmsu ber að huga þegar áreiðanleiki vitnisburðar um liðna atburði er metinn. Minningar okkar eru samsuða þess sem gerðist, ástands okkar þegar við rifjum atburðinn upp, þess sem við viljum að hafi gerst og þess sem okkur hefur verið sagt um atburðinn. Þar fyrir utan sýna rannsóknir að við tökum eftir mun minna af því sem fyrir ber í sjónsviði okkar en við oft höldum, sem setur minninu augljós takmörk. Í greininni verður farið yfir rannsóknir á sjónskynjun og athygli og minni og minnisbrenglunum. Athygli verður beint að rannsóknum á minningum um áföll eins og slys, ofbeldi og kynferðisglæpi. Niðurstaðan er sú að það sem við munum er sköpunarverk hugans og getur minnið verið afar skapandi þegar liðnir atburðir eru rifjaðir upp. Í mörgum tilfellum kann því að vera varasamt að taka lýsingu vitna trúanlega í smáatriðum. Einnig er fjallað um rannsóknir á því hvernig falskar minningar geta skotið upp kollinum og hvað ber að varast í því sambandi.
When the reliability of eyewitness testimony is assessed, many factors must be taken into account. Our memories are a conglomeration of what actually occured, our feelings about what happened, the context within which we recall the events, and what we have been told about what occured. In addition, studies of visual attention show how we do not perceive many salient events in our visual field if they are not explicitly attended. This article contains a review of studies of visual attention and of memory and failures of memory with a special emphasis on memories of traumatic events such as accidents, violent crimes and sexual abuse. The conclusion is that what we remember is a creation of the mind and our memory can be very creative when past events are recollected. In many cases, we should therefore tread with caution in believing every detail of the accounts of witnesses.
Description
Efst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn
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http://www.sal.is
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Icelandic Journal Articles (Peer Reviewed)

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