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Algengi íþróttameiðsla, íþróttaþátttaka og brottfall vegna meiðsla hjá 17 og 23 ára ungmennum

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Authors
Margrét H. Indriðadóttir
Þórarinn Sveinsson
Kristján Þór Magnússon
Sigurbjörn Árni Arngrímsson
Erlingur Jóhannsson
Issue Date
2015-10

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Other Titles
Prevalence of sport injuries, sport participation and drop out due to injury in young adults
Citation
Læknablaðið 2015, 101(10): 451-6
Abstract
Inngangur:Þátttaka í íþróttum og líkamsrækt hefur farið vaxandi undanfarna áratugi og íþróttameiðsli því orðin algengari. Tilgangur rannsóknarinnar var að meta algengi íþróttameiðsla og brottfall vegna þeirra. Að auki var tilgangurinn að skoða hvort íþróttameiðsli hefðu tengsl við kyn, aldur, þrek, holdafar og iðkun sem var meiri en 6 klukkustundir á viku, miðað við 6 klukkustundir eða minna. Efniviður og aðferðir: Rannsóknin var þversniðsrannsókn á 457 ungmennum, 17 og 23 ára. Hæð, þyngd, líkamsfita, fitulaus mjúkvefjamassi, beinmassi og þrek (W/kg) voru mæld en spurningalisti notaður til þess að meta þátttöku í íþróttum og líkamsrækt, algengi íþróttameiðsla og brottfall. Niðurstöður: Fjögurhundruð og fjörutíu (96%) höfðu einhvern tímann stundað íþróttir með íþróttafélagi en 277 (63%) voru hætt, fleiri (p=0,058) í hópi stúlkna (67,6%) en drengja (58,8%). Þrjátíu og sjö (8,4%) hættu vegna íþróttameiðsla. Af þeim sem æfðu með íþróttafélagi síðastliðna 12 mánuði voru 51% sem þurftu læknisfræðilega aðstoð einu sinni eða oftar vegna íþróttameiðsla. Þeir sem æfðu meira en 6 klukkustundir á viku höfðu fimmfalt hærra líkindahlutfall þess að hafa leitað læknisfræðilegrar aðstoðar (OR = 5,30; 95% CI: 3,00-9,42) en þeir sem æfðu 6 klukkustundir eða minna. Ályktun: Íþróttameiðsli eru talsvert vandamál sem geta valdið brottfalli úr íþróttum. Áhættuþætti íþróttameiðsla þarf að rannsaka betur svo hægt verði að efla forvarnir og tryggja þjálfun sem byggir á gagnreyndum aðferðum.
Introduction: Sport participation has increased during the past few decades, with accompanying rise in sport injuries. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of sport injuries, and drop-out due to them along with possible risk factors (hours of sports participation, sex, age, aerobic fitness and body composition). Material and methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional design was used and the 457 participants were 17 and 23 years old. Height, weight, body fat, lean soft tissue, bone mass, and aerobic fitness (W/kg) were measured. Participation in sports and physical training, and the prevalence of sport injuries and drop-out were estimated using questionnaires. Results: Four hundred and forty participants (96%) had at some time point participated in organized sports, but 277 (63%) were no longer practicing, more commonly (p=0.058) among girls (67.6%) than boys (58.8%). Thirty-seven (8.4%) dropped-out due to sport injuries. Of those participating in organized sports for the past 12 months, 51% required medical assistance at least once because of sport injuries. Multiple regression analysis revealed 5-fold increased risk for requiring medical assistance among those practicing more than 6 hours per week compared to those who practiced 6 hours or less (OR = 5.30, 95% CI: 3.00 to 9.42). Conclusion: Youth sport injuries are a significant problem that can cause drop-out from participation in sport. More research is needed to better understand the impact of risk factors in order to promote prevention and ensure evidence-based training.
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