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Kímfrumur manna – framfarir í frumurækt og vonir um meðferðarúrræði

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Authors
Erna Magnúsdóttir
Issue Date
2015-10

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Other Titles
Human Primordial Germ Cell Specification – Breakthrough In Culture and Hopes for Therapeutic Utilization
Citation
Læknablaðið 2015, 101(10): 461-7
Abstract
Kímfrumur eru forverar egg- og sáðfruma í mönnum, sem bera erfðaupplýsingar á milli kynslóða. Vegna þess að kímfrumur sérhæfast snemma á fósturskeiði, rétt við bólfestu fósturvísis í legslímhúð, eru þær óaðgengilegar til rannsókna. Þekking okkar á tilurð þeirra hefur því til þessa verið afar takmörkuð og að mestu byggð á rannsóknum á dýramódelum eins og músum og kanínum. Í kjölfar rannsókna á stofnfrumum úr fósturvísum og eiginleikum þeirra hefur nú tekist að sérhæfa frumkímfrumur (primordial germ cells) manna á skilvirkan hátt í vefjarækt út frá stofnfrumum fósturvísa. Samhliða hefur tekist að sérhæfa frumkímfrumur úr iPS-frumum (induced pluripotent stem cells) manna sem eru myndaðar við afsérhæfingu líkamsfruma. Í þessari yfirlitsgrein verður farið yfir stöðu þekkingar okkar á frumkímfrumum manna og rannsókna á fjölhæfi stofnfruma úr fósturvísum manna og músa, ásamt því að ræða mögulega nýtingu frumuræktarkerfis fyrir frumfrjófrumur í rannsóknum og meðferð á ófrjósemi og öðrum kímfrumutengdum sjúkdómum.
Germ cells are the precursors to the gametes that carry genetic and epigenetic information between human generations and generate a new individual. Because germ cells are specified early during embryogenesis, at the time of embryo implantation, they are inaccessible for research. Our understanding of their biology has therefore developed slowly since their identification over one hundred years ago. As a result of research into the properties of human and mouse embryonic stem cells and primordial germ cells, scientists have now succeeded in efficiently generating human primordial germ cells in culture by embryonic stem cell and induced pluripotent stem cell culture. In this review we will discuss the state of our knowledge of human primordial germ cells and how research into the pluripotent properties of human and mouse embryonic germ cells has led to this breakthrough. In addition we will discuss the possible utilization of a cell culture system of human primordial germ cells for research into and treatment of germ cell related abnormalities.
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http://www.laeknabladid.is
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Icelandic Journal Articles (Peer Reviewed)

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