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Árangur aðgerða vegna bráðrar ósæðarflysjunar af gerð A á Íslandi

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Authors
Arnar Geirsson
Inga Hlíf Melvinsdóttir
Þórarinn Arnórsson
Gunnar Mýrdal
Tómas Guðbjartsson
Útgáfudagur
2016-02-03

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Önnur málmynd
Outcomes of acute type A aortic dissection repairs in Iceland
Citation
Læknablaðið 2016, 102 (2):71-6
Útdráttur
Inngangur: Ósæðarflysjun í brjóstholshluta ósæðar er lífshættulegur sjúkdómur sem krefst flókinnar meðferðar þar sem tíðni fylgikvilla er há. Tilgangur þessarar rannsóknar var að kanna árangur skurðaðgerða sem framkvæmdar hafa verið á Íslandi vegna bráðrar ósæðarflysjunar af Stanford-gerð A en slík rannsókn hefur ekki verið gerð áður hérlendis. Efniviður og aðferðir: Afturskyggn rannsókn á 45 sjúklingum (meðalaldur 60,7 ár, 68,9% karlar) sem gengust undir aðgerð vegna bráðrar ósæð- arflysjunar af gerð A á Landspítala frá 1992 til 2014. Úr sjúkraskrám var safnað saman breytum sem tengdust heilsufarssögu, aðgerðartengdum þáttum og fylgikvillum. Heildarlifun var reiknuð með aðferð Kaplan-Meier en meðaltal eftirfylgdar var 55,6 mánuðir. Niðurstöður: Alls voru gerðar 45 aðgerðir á tímabilinu þar sem tæplega þrír fjórðu aðgerða (73,3%) voru framkvæmdar á seinni hluta rannsóknartímabilsins. Tæplega helmingur (46,7%) sjúklinga voru í losti við komu á sjúkrahús og 26,7% höfðu blóðþurrðareinkenni til líffæra. Fjölskyldusaga um ósæðarflysjun var til staðar hjá 15,5% sjúklinga. Ósæðinni var skipt út með Dacron®-gerviæð í 86,7% tilfella, hjá tæplega þriðjungi sjúklinga þurfti að skipta út ósæðarrót og hjá 31,1% sjúklinga var blóðrás stöðvuð í kælingu. Meiriháttar fylgikvillar greindust eftir aðgerð hjá 60,1% sjúklinga þar sem enduraðgerð vegna blæðingar (29,3%) og heilablóðfall (14,6%) voru algengastir. Tíu sjúklingar létust innan 30 daga frá aðgerð (22,2%). Lifun 5 og 10 árum frá aðgerð var 71,4 ± 8,2% og 65,4 ± 9,4%. Ályktun: Aðgerðum vegna ósæðarflysjunar í rishluta ósæðar hefur fjölgað umtalsvert á síðastliðnum áratug hér á landi. Fylgikvillar eru tíðir, sérstaklega enduraðgerðir, en dánartíðni skemmri en 30 daga og langtímalifun eru sambærilegar við erlendar rannsóknir.
Objectives: Acute type A aortic dissection is a life-threatening disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Treatment is challenging and requires emergency surgery. This study presents for the first time the short- and long-term outcome of acute type A aortic dissection repairs in Iceland. Materials and methods: A retrospective review of 45 patients (mean age 60.7 ± 13.9 years, 68.9% male) treated for type A aortic dissection at Landspitali University Hospital between 1992 and 2014. Data was gathered from medical records about known risk factors, presenting symptoms, type of procedure, complications and operative mortality. Results: Out of 45 operations the majority (73.3%) was performed in the second half of the study period. Nearly all patients presented with chest pain and 46.7% were in shock on arrival. Malperfusion syndrome was apparent in 26.7% of cases. A variety of operative methods were used, including hypothermic circulatory arrest in 31.1% of the cases and one-third of patients needed aortic root replacement. Reoperation rate for postoperative bleeding was 29.3% and perioperative stroke occurred in 14.6% of patients. The 30-day mortality rate was 22.2% (10 patients) and 5- and 10-year survival was 71.4 ± 8.2% and 65.4 ± 9.4%, respectively. Conclusions: The short-term outcomes of surgical repair for acute type A aortic dissection in Iceland is comparable to neighbouring countries, including 30-day mortality and long-term survival. Complications, however, are common, especially reoperations for bleeding.
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http://www.laeknabladid.is/tolublod/2016/02/nr/5748
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Archived with thanks to Læknablaðið
ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.17992/lbl.2016.02.64
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Icelandic Journal Articles (Peer Reviewed)

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