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Risk Factors for Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Among Avalanche Survivors

dc.contributor.authorThordardottir, Edda Bjork
dc.contributor.authorHansdottir, Ingunn
dc.contributor.authorShipherd, Jillian C.
dc.contributor.authorValdimarsdottir, Unnur Anna
dc.contributor.authorResnick, Heidi
dc.contributor.authorElklit, Ask
dc.contributor.authorGudmundsdottir, Ragnhildur
dc.contributor.authorGudmundsdottir, Berglind
dc.date.accessioned2016-05-25T10:10:23Zen
dc.date.available2016-05-25T10:10:23Zen
dc.date.issued2016-04en
dc.date.submitted2016en
dc.identifier.citationRisk Factors for Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Among Avalanche Survivors 2016, 204 (4): 298-305 The Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseaseen
dc.identifier.issn0022-3018en
dc.identifier.doi10.1097/NMD.0000000000000475en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2336/610695en
dc.descriptionTo access publisher's full text version of this article click on the hyperlink at the bottom of the pageen
dc.description.abstractFew natural disaster studies have assessed factors associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) beyond a decade after trauma. Using North's disaster model as a framework, the aim of this study was to identify factors associated with clinically significant posttraumatic stress symptoms (CS-PTSDS) in avalanche survivors (n = 399) 16 years after the disaster. Completed self-report questionnaires were received from 286 (72%) survivors. CS-PTSDS were assessed with the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale. Predictors of CS-PTSDS in a multivariate analysis were secondary sequelae factors of lack of social support (adjusted relative risk [RR], 2.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37-6.13) and financial hardship in the aftermath of the trauma (adjusted RR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.16-5.26). In addition, the community factor of providing assistance in the aftermath of the avalanche (adjusted RR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.04-3.64) was inversely associated with CS-PTSDS. Screening for these factors may be useful in identifying those most vulnerable to developing chronic PTSD after this unique type of disaster.
dc.description.sponsorshipUniversity of Iceland Research Fund Icelandic Research Fund for Graduate Students (Rannis) Landspitali University Hospital Research Fund Nordic Centre of Excellence for Resilience and Societal Security - Nordic Societal Security Programmeen
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherLippincott Williams & Wilkinsen
dc.relation.urlhttp://content.wkhealth.com/linkback/openurl?sid=WKPTLP:landingpage&an=00005053-201604000-00009en
dc.relation.urlhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000000475en
dc.rightsArchived with thanks to The Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseaseen
dc.subjectSnjóflóðen
dc.subjectStreitaen
dc.subjectPSY12
dc.subjectPSC12
dc.subject.meshStress Disorders, Post-Traumaticen
dc.subject.meshAvalanchesen
dc.subject.meshSurvivorsen
dc.titleRisk Factors for Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Among Avalanche Survivorsen
dc.typeArticleen
dc.contributor.department[ 1 ] Univ Iceland, Ctr Publ Hlth Sci, Fac Med, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland [ 2 ] Univ Iceland, Fac Psychol, Sch Hlth Sci, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland [ 3 ] VA Boston Healthcare Syst, Natl Ctr PTSD, Womens Hlth Sci Div 116B 3, Boston, MA USA [ 4 ] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02118 USA [ 5 ] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA [ 6 ] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, 171 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC 29425 USA [ 7 ] Univ Southern Denmark, Dept Psychol, Odense, Denmark [ 8 ] Univ Ulster, Dept Psychol, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Londonderry, North Ireland [ 9 ] Landspitali Natl Univ Hosp Iceland, Mental Hlth Serv, Reykjavik, Iceland [ 10 ] Univ Iceland, Sch Hlth Sci, Fac Med, IS-101 Reykjavik, Icelanden
dc.identifier.journalThe Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseaseen
dc.rights.accessLandspitali Access - LSH-aðganguren
html.description.abstractFew natural disaster studies have assessed factors associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) beyond a decade after trauma. Using North's disaster model as a framework, the aim of this study was to identify factors associated with clinically significant posttraumatic stress symptoms (CS-PTSDS) in avalanche survivors (n = 399) 16 years after the disaster. Completed self-report questionnaires were received from 286 (72%) survivors. CS-PTSDS were assessed with the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale. Predictors of CS-PTSDS in a multivariate analysis were secondary sequelae factors of lack of social support (adjusted relative risk [RR], 2.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37-6.13) and financial hardship in the aftermath of the trauma (adjusted RR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.16-5.26). In addition, the community factor of providing assistance in the aftermath of the avalanche (adjusted RR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.04-3.64) was inversely associated with CS-PTSDS. Screening for these factors may be useful in identifying those most vulnerable to developing chronic PTSD after this unique type of disaster.


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