The Urban-Rural Gradient In Asthma: A Population-Based Study in Northern Europe.
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Authors
Timm, SigneFrydenberg, Morten
Janson, Christer
Campbell, Brittany
Forsberg, Bertil
Gislason, Thorarinn
Holm, Mathias
Jogi, Rain
Omenaas, Ernst
Sigsgaard, Torben
Svanes, Cecilie
Schlünssen, Vivi
Issue Date
2016-01
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The Urban-Rural Gradient In Asthma: A Population-Based Study in Northern Europe. 2016, 13 (1):93 Int J Environ Res Public HealthAbstract
The early life environment appears to have a persistent impact on asthma risk. We hypothesize that environmental factors related to rural life mediate lower asthma prevalence in rural populations, and aimed to investigate an urban-rural gradient, assessed by place of upbringing, for asthma. The population-based Respiratory Health In Northern Europe (RHINE) study includes subjects from Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Iceland and Estonia born 1945-1973. The present analysis encompasses questionnaire data on 11,123 RHINE subjects. Six categories of place of upbringing were defined: farm with livestock, farm without livestock, village in rural area, small town, city suburb and inner city. The association of place of upbringing with asthma onset was analysed with Cox regression adjusted for relevant confounders. Subjects growing up on livestock farms had less asthma (8%) than subjects growing up in inner cities (11%) (hazard ratio 0.72 95% CI 0.57-0.91), and a significant urban-rural gradient was observed across six urbanisation levels (p = 0.02). An urban-rural gradient was only evident among women, smokers and for late-onset asthma. Analyses on wheeze and place of upbringing revealed similar results. In conclusion, this study suggests a protective effect of livestock farm upbringing on asthma development and an urban-rural gradient in a Northern European population.Description
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http://dx.doi.org/ 10.3390/ijerph13010093https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4730484/
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Archived with thanks to International journal of environmental research and public healthae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.3390/ijerph13010093
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