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Framskyggn rannsókn á eitrunum sem komu til meðferðar á bráðamóttökum Landspítala 2012

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Authors
Guðborg Auður Guðjónsdóttir
Anna María Þórðardóttir
Jakob Kristinsson
Issue Date
2017-06-06

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Other Titles
A prospective study on acute poisonings presenting to the Emergency Department at Landspitali University Hospital in Iceland 2012
Citation
Læknablaðið 2017,103(6):275-280
Abstract
Inngangur: Samkvæmt niðurstöðum rannsóknar á eitrunum á Íslandi frá 2001-2002 leita flestir sem þarfnast meðferðar vegna eitrunar á bráðamóttökur Landspítala. Markmið rannsóknarinnar var að afla áreiðanlegra upplýsinga um bráðar eitranir sem koma til meðferðar á bráðamóttökum Landspítala og bera niðurstöður saman við fyrri rannsókn. Efniviður og aðferðir: Rannsóknin var framskyggn og rannsóknartímabilið eitt ár, frá 1. janúar til 31. desember 2012. Gögnum var safnað um allar eitranir vegna efna og lyfja sem komu á bráðamóttöku í Fossvogi, bráðamóttöku barna og Hjartagátt. Niðurstöður: Á rannsóknartímabilinu voru 977 komur á bráðamóttökur Landspítala vegna eitrana. Konur voru 57% hópsins og karlar 43%. Aldursbilið var frá tveggja mánaða upp í 96 ára og meira en helmingur sjúklinganna var yngri en 30 ára. Meirihluti eitrananna varð á heimilum og oftast var um inntöku að ræða. Sjálfsvígstilraunir og misnotkun voru algengustu ástæður eitrunar (66%). Í 76% allra eitrananna komu lyf og/eða áfengi við sögu. Eitranir vegna annarra efna voru oftast óhappaeitranir og 35% þeirra voru vinnutengdar. Meirihluti sjúklinga (80%) var útskrifaður af bráðamóttöku eftir skoðun og meðferð, 20% voru lagðir inn á aðrar deildir, þar af var 21% hópsins lagður inn á gjörgæsludeild. Tveir sjúklingar létust (0,2%). Ályktun: Tíðni koma vegna eitrana á bráðamóttökurnar var hærri nú en í fyrri rannsókn, en munurinn var ekki marktækur. Konur voru fleiri en karlar og stærsti hópurinn var ungt fólk. Misnotkun og sjálfsvígstilraunir voru algengustu ástæður eitrana. Algengustu eitrunarvaldar voru lyf og áfengi. Meirihluti sjúklinga fékk meðferð á bráðamóttöku og útskrifaðist heim. Dánartíðni var lág.
Introduction: The purpose of the study was to assess the incidence and type of toxic exposures presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) at Landspitali University Hospital in Iceland over one year and compare the results to another study performed eleven years before. Methods: The study was prospective and included all visits due to acute poisoning to the ED between January 1, and December 31, 2012. Results: A total of 977 toxic exposures were documented. Females were 554 (57%) and males 423 (43%). The age range was from 2 months to 96 years old. More than half of the patients were under 30 years old. The majority of exposures occurred in private homes and ingestion was the most common route of exposure. Deliberate poisonings accounted for 66% of all the poisonings and 76% had drugs and/or alcohol as their main cause. Exposures to chemicals other than drugs were usually unintentional and 31% of them were occupational exposures. 80% of patients received treatment and were discharged from the ED, 20% were admitted to other departments, thereof 21% to ICU. Two patients died (0.2%). Conclusion: A slight but statistically unsignificant increase in incidence was observed. Females outnumbered males. Self-poisonings by ingestion of drugs and/or alcohol accounted for the majority of cases. The age range was wide, but the incidence was higher with young people. Mortality was low.
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http://www.laeknabladid.is/tolublod/2017/06/nr/6443
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ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.17992/lbl.2017.06.140
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Icelandic Journal Articles (Peer Reviewed)

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