Indicators of residential traffic exposure: Modelled NO X , traffic proximity, and self-reported exposure in RHINE III
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Authors
Carlsen, Hanne KrageBäck, Erik
Eneroth, Kristina
Gislason, Thorarinn
Holm, Mathias
Janson, Christer
Jensen, Steen Solvang
Johannessen, Ane
Kaasik, Marko
Modig, Lars
Segersson, David
Sigsgaard, Torben
Forsberg, Bertil
Olsson, David
Orru, Hans
Issue Date
2017-10
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Indicators of residential traffic exposure: Modelled NO X , traffic proximity, and self-reported exposure in RHINE III 2017, 167:416 Atmospheric EnvironmentAbstract
Few studies have investigated associations between self-reported and modelled exposure to traffic pollution. The objective of this study was to examine correlations between self-reported traffic exposure and modelled (a) NOx and (b) traffic proximity in seven different northern European cities; Aarhus (Denmark), Bergen (Norway), Gothenburg, Ulna and Uppsala (Sweden), Reykjavik (Iceland), and Tartu (Estonia). We analysed data from the RHINE III (Respiratory Health in Northern Europe, www.rhine.nu) cohorts of the seven study cities. Traffic proximity (distance to the nearest road with >10,000 vehicles per day) was calculated and vehicle exhaust (NOx) was modelled using dispersion models and land-use regression (LUR) data from 2011. Participants were asked a question about self-reported traffic intensity near bedroom window and another about traffic noise exposure at the residence. The data were analysed using rank correlation (Kendall's tau) and inter-rater agreement (Cohen's Kappa) between tertiles of modelled NOx and traffic proximity tertile and traffic proximity categories (0-150 metres (m), 150 -200 m, >300 m) in each centre. Data on variables of interest were available for 50-99% of study participants per each cohort. Mean modelled NOx levels were between 6.5 and 16.0 mu g/m(3); median traffic intensity was between 303 and 10,750 m in each centre. In each centre, 7.7-18.7% of respondents reported exposure to high traffic intensity and 3.6-16.3% of respondents reported high exposure to traffic noise. Self-reported residential traffic exposure had low or no correlation with modelled exposure and traffic proximity in all centres, although results were statistically significant (tau = 0.057-0.305). Self reported residential traffic noise correlated weakly (tau = 0.090-0.255), with modelled exposure in all centres except Reykjavik. Modelled NOx\] had the highest correlations between self-reported and modelled traffic exposure in five of seven centres, traffic noise exposure had the highest correlation with traffic proximity in tertiles in three centres. Self-reported exposure to high traffic intensity and traffic noise at each participant's residence had low or weak although statistically significant correlations with modelled vehicle exhaust pollution levels and traffic proximity. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd.Description
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Archived with thanks to Atmospheric Environmentae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.08.015
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