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Incidence, Etiology, and Outcomes of Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Population-Based Study

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Authors
Bjarnason, Agnar
Westin, Johan
Lindh, Magnus
Andersson, Lars-Magnus
Kristinsson, Karl G
Löve, Arthur
Baldursson, Olafur
Gottfredsson, Magnus
Issue Date
2018-02

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Incidence, Etiology, and Outcomes of Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Population-Based Study 2018, 5 (2) Open Forum Infectious Diseases
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The microbial etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is often unclear in clinical practice, and previous studies have produced variable results. Population-based studies examining etiology and incidence are lacking. This study examined the incidence and etiology of CAP requiring hospitalization in a population-based cohort as well as risk factors and outcomes for specific etiologies. METHODS: Consecutive admissions due to CAP in Reykjavik, Iceland were studied. Etiologic testing was performed with cultures, urine-antigen detection, and polymerase chain reaction analysis of airway samples. Outcomes were length of stay, intensive care unit admission, assisted ventilation, and mortality. RESULTS: The inclusion rate was 95%. The incidence of CAP requiring hospitalization was 20.6 cases per 10000 adults/year. A potential pathogen was detected in 52% (164 of 310) of admissions and in 74% (43 of 58) with complete sample sets. Streptococcuspneumoniae was the most common pathogen (61 of 310, 20%; incidence: 4.1/10000). Viruses were identified in 15% (47 of 310; incidence: 3.1/10000), Mycoplasmapneumoniae were identified in 12% (36 of 310; incidence: 2.4/10000), and multiple pathogens were identified in 10% (30 of 310; incidence: 2.0/10000). Recent antimicrobial therapy was associated with increased detection of M pneumoniae (P < .001), whereas a lack of recent antimicrobial therapy was associated with increased detection of S pneumoniae (P = .02). Symptoms and outcomes were similar irrespective of microbial etiology. CONCLUSIONS: Pneumococci, M pneumoniae, and viruses are the most common pathogens associated with CAP requiring hospital admission, and they all have a similar incidence that increases with age. Symptoms do not correlate with specific agents, and outcomes are similar irrespective of pathogens identified.
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https://academic.oup.com/ofid/article/doi/10.1093/ofid/ofy010/4844908
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Archived with thanks to Open Forum Infectious Diseases
ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.1093/ofid/ofy010
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English Journal Articles (Peer Reviewed)

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