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Líkamsskynjunarröskun - Helstu einkenni, algengi, greining og meðferð

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Authors
Hrefna Harðardóttir
Arna Hauksdóttir
Andri Steinþór Björnsson
Útgáfudagur
2019-03

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Önnur málmynd
Body dysmorphic disorder: Symptoms, prevalence, assessment and treatment
Citation
Líkamsskynjunarröskun - Helstu einkenni, algengi, greining og meðferð. 2019, 105(3): 125-131 Læknablaðið
Útdráttur
Líkamsskynjunarröskun er geðröskun sem einkennist af áleitnum hugsunum um útlitsgalla sem er þó ekki til staðar. Röskunin kemur að jafnaði fram á unglingsárum og er kynjahlutfall nokkuð jafnt. Þeir sem þjást af röskuninni eyða oft mörgum tímum á dag í að hugsa um útlit sitt og fylgir hugsununum yfirleitt áráttukennd hegðun, svo sem að líta endurtekið í spegil eða bera útlit sitt saman við útlit annarra. Vegið algengi röskunarinnar í almennu þýði er um 2% en er talsvert hærra í klínísku samhengi og á stofum húð- og lýtalækna. Hún hefur oft alvarlegar afleiðingar í för með sér, eins og mikla vanvirkni, skert lífsgæði, þunglyndi og mikla sjálfsvígshættu. Lítið er vitað um orsakir röskunarinnar og hvaða þættir spá fyrir um framvindu hennar. Hugræn atferlismeðferð og SRI-lyfjameðferð skila mestum árangri, en ljóst er að fegrunaraðgerðir skila litlu og geta verið skaðlegar fyrir þessa skjólstæðinga. Í greininni eru upplýsingar um hvernig hægt sé að skima fyrir röskuninni og greina hana. Þörf er á frekari rannsóknum á líkamsskynjunarröskun og meðferð við henni.
Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a relatively common disorder characterized by a preoccupation with nonexistent or slight defects in appearance. BDD usually begins during childhood or adolescence. The preoccupation with the perceived appearance defect typically occurs for many hours a day and is often followed by re­- petitive behaviours (for example mirror checking and skin picking). The weighted prevalence of BDD in a community sample is around 2%, but it is higher in clinical settings and in cosmetic and dermatological settings. BDD leads to significant distress and/or impairment at work or school and is highly comorbid with major depressive disorder, alcohol or substance use disorder, social anxi­ety disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder and often leads to suicidal ideation. Research suggests that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and SSRI medication are most effective for BDD. However, cosmetic and dermatological treatments rarely improve BDD, and are often harmful. This review contains information on how to screen and diagnose BDD. Further research on BDD and effective treatment for this often imparing disorder is needed.
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https://www.laeknabladid.is/tolublod/2019/03/nr/6991
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Icelandic Journal Articles (Peer Reviewed)

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