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Authors
Tómas GuðbjartssonEngilbert Sigurðsson
Magnús Gottfreðsson
Ólafur Már Björnsson
Gunnar Guðmundsson
Útgáfudagur
2019-11
Metadata
Show full item recordÖnnur málmynd
High altitude illness and related diseases – a reviewCitation
Læknablaðið 2019, 105(11): 499-507Útdráttur
Þegar komið er yfir 2500 m hæð yfir sjávarmáli geta einkenni hæðarveiki gert vart við sig innan nokkurra daga. Áhættan ræðst einkum af hæð og hraða hækkunar og einkennin eru fjölbreytt. Háfjallaveiki er langalgengust en lífshættulegur hæðarheilabjúgur og hæðarlungnabjúgur geta einnig komið fram. Orsök hæðarveiki er súrefnisskortur og ófullnægjandi hæðaraðlögun, en meingerð sjúkdómanna sem hæðarveikin getur valdið ræðst af viðbrögðum líkamans við súrefnisskorti. Algengustu einkenni háfjallaveiki eru höfuðverkur, þreyta, slappleiki, ógleði og lystarleysi, en svefntruflanir og meltingaróþægindi eru sömuleiðis algengar kvartanir. Algengustu einkenni hæðarlungnabjúgs eru mæði og þróttleysi en helstu einkenni hæðarheilabjúgs eru jafnvægistruflanir auk þess sem ruglástand getur þróast og meðvitundarskerðing átt sér stað. Hér er fjallað um öll þessi þrjú birtingarform hæðarveiki, fyrirbyggjandi ráðstafanir og meðferð en einnig nýja þekkingu á meingerð.Upon reaching a height over 2500 m above seal level symptoms of altitude illness can develop over 1 – 5 days. The risk is mainly determined by the altitude and rate of ascent and the symptoms vary. Most common are symptoms of acute mountain illness (AMS) but more dangerous high altitude cerebral edema (HACE) and high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) can also develop. The causes of AMS, HACE and HAPE are lack of oxygen and insufficient acclimatization, but the presenting form is determined by the responses of the body to the lack of oxygen. The most common symptoms of AMS include headache, fatique and nausea, but insomnia and nausea are also common. The most common symptoms of HAPE are breathlessness and lassitude whereas the cardinal sign of HACE is ataxia, but confusion and loss of consciousness can also develop. In this article all three main forms of altitude illness are reviewed. The emphasis is on preventive measures and treatment but new knowledge on pathogenesis is also addressed.
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