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Þegar orkuna skortir – áhrif hlutfallslegs orkuskorts í íþróttum (RED-s) á heilsu og árangur

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Authors
Birna Varðardóttir
Sigríður Lára Guðmundsdóttir1
Anna Sigríður Ólafsdóttir
Issue Date
2020-09

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Other Titles
Health and performance consequences of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-s)
Citation
Birna Varðardóttir, Sigríður Lára Guðmundsdóttir, Anna Sigríður Ólafsdóttir. Þegar orkuna skortir – áhrif hlutfallslegs orkuskorts í íþróttum (RED-s) á heilsu og árangur. Læknablaðið. 2020; 106(9): 406-413.
Abstract
Mikilvægt er að íþróttafólk á öllum aldri tileinki sér mataræði sem styður sem best við heilsu og vellíðan, þjálffræðilega aðlögun, endurheimt og meiðslaforvarnir. Tiltæk orka vísar til þeirrar orku sem stendur eftir fyrir grunnstarfsemi líkamans þegar búið er að draga þá orku sem varið er við líkamlega þjálfun frá orkunni sem fæst úr fæðunni sem neytt er dag hvern. Hlutfallslegur orkuskortur í íþróttum (Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport, RED-s) stafar af viðvarandi skorti á tiltækri orku og hefur víðtæk áhrif á íþróttafólk, óháð kyni og getustigi. Áhrif RED-s geta meðal annars falið í sér skerðingu á efnaskiptahraða, hormónastarfsemi og tíðahring kvenna, beinheilsu, ónæmisvörnum, nýmyndun próteina og starfsemi hjarta- og æðakerfis. Slíkar truflanir á líkamsstarfsemi geta haft neikvæð áhrif á heilsu og íþróttaárangur til lengri og skemmri tíma. Þekkt er að RED-s getur átt sér mismunandi orsakir og birtingarmyndir. Samkvæmt erlendum rannsóknum er algengi breytilegt eftir íþróttagreinum og sérhæfingum innan þeirra en áhættan er talin hvað mest í úthaldsíþróttum, fagurfræðilegum íþróttum og þyngdarflokkaíþróttum. Greinin tekur saman þekkingu á áhrifum RED-s á heilsu og árangur, mikilvægi skimunar og snemmbærs inngrips. Þörf er á rannsóknum á RED-s meðal íslensks íþróttafólks sem gætu lagt grunninn að íslenskum ráðleggingum auk þess að efla forvarnir og meðferð
Fulfilling individual energy and nutrient requirements is of great importance for athletes to support overall health and well-being, training adaptation, recovery and injury prevention. Energy availability is the amount of energy left over and available for bodily functions after the energy expended for training is subtracted from the energy taken in from food. The syndrome of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-s) refers to the multifactorial health and performance consequences of low energy availability. Potential physiological implications of RED-s include impaired metabolic rate, hormonal disruptions, menstrual dysfunction, reduced bone health, immunity, protein synthesis, and cardiovascular health. These can have short and long term consequences on health and sport performance. Causes of RED-s range from unintentional (e.g. lack of awareness or difficulties with meeting high energy requirements) to more intentional behaviors and further to clinical eating disorders. RED-s prevalence appears to differ between sports and sport disciplines, with highest risk in endurance, aesthetic and weight-class sports. This article summarizes current knowledge of RED-s implications for health and performance, and highlights the importance of early diagnosis and screening. Research on RED-s in Icelandic athletes is warranted as it could support development of national guidelines, prevention and treatment protocols.
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https://www.laeknabladid.is/tolublod/2020/09/nr/7435
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Icelandic Journal Articles (Peer Reviewed)

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