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Humoral Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 in Iceland.

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Authors
Gudbjartsson, Daniel F
Norddahl, Gudmundur L
Melsted, Pall
Gunnarsdottir, Kristbjorg
Holm, Hilma
Eythorsson, Elias
Arnthorsson, Asgeir O
Helgason, Dadi
Bjarnadottir, Kristbjorg
Ingvarsson, Ragnar F
Thorsteinsdottir, Brynja
Kristjansdottir, Steinunn
Birgisdottir, Kolbrun
Kristinsdottir, Anna M
Sigurdsson, Martin I
Arnadottir, Gudny A
Ivarsdottir, Erna V
Andresdottir, Margret
Jonsson, Frosti
Agustsdottir, Arna B
Berglund, Jonas
Eiriksdottir, Berglind
Fridriksdottir, Run
Gardarsdottir, Elisabet E
Gottfredsson, Magnus
Gretarsdottir, Olafia S
Gudmundsdottir, Steinunn
Gudmundsson, Kjartan R
Gunnarsdottir, Thora R
Gylfason, Arnaldur
Helgason, Agnar
Jensson, Brynjar O
Jonasdottir, Aslaug
Jonsson, Hakon
Kristjansson, Thordur
Kristinsson, Karl G
Magnusdottir, Droplaug N
Magnusson, Olafur T
Olafsdottir, Lovisa B
Rognvaldsson, Solvi
Le Roux, Louise
Sigmundsdottir, Gudrun
Sigurdsson, Asgeir
Sveinbjornsson, Gardar
Sveinsdottir, Kristin E
Sveinsdottir, Maney
Thorarensen, Emil A
Thorbjornsson, Bjarni
Thordardottir, Marianna
Saemundsdottir, Jona
Kristjansson, S Hjortur
Josefsdottir, Kamilla S
Masson, Gisli
Georgsson, Gudmundur
Kristjansson, Mar
Moller, Alma
Palsson, Runolfur
Gudnason, Thorolfur
Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur
Jonsdottir, Ingileif
Sulem, Patrick
Stefansson, Kari
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Issue Date
2020-09-01

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Citation
Gudbjartsson DF, Norddahl GL, Melsted P, Gunnarsdottir K, Holm H, Eythorsson E, et al. Humoral Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 in Iceland. The New England journal of medicine. 2020;383(18):1724-34.doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2026116.
Abstract
Background: Little is known about the nature and durability of the humoral immune response to infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Methods: We measured antibodies in serum samples from 30,576 persons in Iceland, using six assays (including two pan-immunoglobulin [pan-Ig] assays), and we determined that the appropriate measure of seropositivity was a positive result with both pan-Ig assays. We tested 2102 samples collected from 1237 persons up to 4 months after diagnosis by a quantitative polymerase-chain-reaction (qPCR) assay. We measured antibodies in 4222 quarantined persons who had been exposed to SARS-CoV-2 and in 23,452 persons not known to have been exposed. Results: Of the 1797 persons who had recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection, 1107 of the 1215 who were tested (91.1%) were seropositive; antiviral antibody titers assayed by two pan-Ig assays increased during 2 months after diagnosis by qPCR and remained on a plateau for the remainder of the study. Of quarantined persons, 2.3% were seropositive; of those with unknown exposure, 0.3% were positive. We estimate that 0.9% of Icelanders were infected with SARS-CoV-2 and that the infection was fatal in 0.3%. We also estimate that 56% of all SARS-CoV-2 infections in Iceland had been diagnosed with qPCR, 14% had occurred in quarantined persons who had not been tested with qPCR (or who had not received a positive result, if tested), and 30% had occurred in persons outside quarantine and not tested with qPCR. Conclusions: Our results indicate that antiviral antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 did not decline within 4 months after diagnosis. We estimate that the risk of death from infection was 0.3% and that 44% of persons infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Iceland were not diagnosed by qPCR.
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Additional Links
https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa2026116?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7494247/
Rights
Copyright © 2020 Massachusetts Medical Society.
ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.1056/NEJMoa2026116
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