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Sjúkdómsgreiningar, endurhæfing og þróun örorku 2000-2019

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Authors
Ólafur Ó. Guðmundsson
Guðmundur Hjaltalín
Haukur Eggertsson
Þóra Jónsdóttir
Issue Date
2021-12

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Other Titles
Diagnosis, rehabilitation and development of disability 2000-2019 in Iceland
Citation
Ólafur Ó. Guðmundsson, Guðmundur Hjaltalín, Haukur Eggertsson, Þóra Jónsdóttir. Sjúkdómsgreiningar, endurhæfing og þróun örorku 2000-2019. Læknablaðið. 2021; 107(12): 575-80. doi: 10.17992/lbl.2021.12.664
Abstract
INNGANGUR Örorkumatsstaðall sem byggður er á læknisfræðilega viðurkenndum sjúkdómum eða fötlun var innleiddur 1999. Markmið þessarar rannsóknar er að skoða þróun úrskurða Tryggingastofnunar ríkisins vegna endurhæfingar- og örorkulífeyris á 20 ára tímabili frá innleiðingu hans. EFNIVIÐUR OG AÐFERÐIR Allar skráðar sjúkdómsgreiningar í læknisvottorðum Tryggingastofnunar vegna samþykktra nýrra endurhæfingar- eða örorkulífeyrisþega fyrir árin 2000-2019 voru skoðaðar. Gerð er grein fyrir kynjaskiptingu, aldursdreifingu og fjöldaþróun á tímabilinu. Jafnframt er skoðaður kostnaður sem hlutfall af ríkisútgjöldum. NIÐURSTÖÐUR Nýliðun yngri endurhæfingarlífeyrisþega hefur aukist hratt á undanförnum árum á sama tíma og lítillega hefur dregið úr hlutfallslegri fjölgun örorkulífeyrisþega. Geð- og stoðkerfissjúkdómar eru langalgengustu sjúkdómsflokkarnir sem leiða til skertrar starfsgetu. Geðsjúkdómar skera sig úr hvað varðar aldursdreifingu og fjölgun eftir því sem nær dregur í tíma. Hlutfall einstaklinga á aldrinum 18-66 ára með 75% örorkumat hefur aukist um þriðjung á tímabilinu, úr um 6% í 8%. Kynjaskipting örorkulífeyrisþega helst svipuð, konur eru um 62% hópsins í heildina. Konur eru mun líklegri til að verða öryrkjar vegna stoðkerfissjúkdóma, en karlar nokkru líklegri vegna geðsjúkdóma. Hlutfallsleg þróun ríkisútgjalda vegna heildargreiðslna til endurhæfingarog lífeyrisþega heldur áfram að vaxa sem hlutfall af ríkisútgjöldum. ÁLYKTUN Endurhæfingarlífeyrisþegum hefur fjölgað verulega frá árinu 2018 á sama tíma og dregið hefur úr nýliðun öryrkja og vísbendingar eru um að endurhæfing hafi skilað sér í fækkun nýrra öryrkja. Geð- og stoðkerfissjúkdómar eru langalgengustu sjúkdómsflokkarnir sem leiða til skertrar starfsgetu. Heldur lægra hlutfall öryrkja er með geðgreiningu sem fyrstu sjúkdómsgreiningu á tímabilinu 2000-2019 samanborið við þá sem áttu gildandi örorkumat 2005 en hlutfall stoðkerfissjúkdóma er heldur hærra. Engu að síður skera geðsjúkdómar sig úr hvað varðar aldursdreifingu og fjölgun eftir því sem nær dregur í tíma.
INTRODUCTION: The disability assessment standard based on medically recognized illnesses or disabilities was introduced in Iceland 1999. The aim of this study is to examine the development of Social Insurance Administration (Tryggingastofnun ríkisins, TR) rulings regarding rehabilitation and disability pensions over a twenty-year period, since its introduction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All registered diagnoses in the medical certificates of TR due to the approved rehabilitation or disability pension were examined in the period 2000- 2019. The gender distribution and age distribution of these applicants and the number development during the period are described. At the same time, costs as a percentage of government expenditure are examined. RESULTS: The number of younger rehabilitation pensioners has increased rapidly in recent years, at the same time as the relative increase in disability pensioners has slowed slightly. Mental and musculoskeletal disorders are by far the most common types of illness leading to disability. Mental illnesses differ in terms of age distribution and increase over time. The proportion of individuals aged 18-66 with a 75% disability assessment has increased by a third during the period, from about 6% to 8%. The gender distribution of disability pensioners remains similar, with women accounting for 62% in total. Women are much more likely to receive disability pension due to musculoskeletal disorders than men and men are somewhat more likely to suffer from mental illness. The relative development of central government expenditure on total payments to rehabilitation and pensioners continues to grow as a proportion of central government expenditure. CONCLUSION: The number of rehabilitation pensioners has increased significantly since 2018, at the same time as the number of disability pensioners has decreased and there are indications that rehabilitation results in a lower number of new disability pensioners. Mental and musculoskeletal disorders are by far the most common types of illness leading to disability. A slightly lower proportion of disabled people have psychiatric diagnosis as a first diagnosis in the period 2000-2019 compared to those with a valid disability assessment in 2005, but the proportion of musculoskeletal disorders is slightly higher. Nevertheless, mental illnesses differ in age distribution and increase over time.
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